[论文解读] Digital Twins for Ports: Derived from Smart City and Supply Chain Twinning Experience
本文通过借鉴智慧城市和供应链数字孪生的原理,提出了一种港口数字孪生,强调情境感知、高级数据分析和多利益相关方协作。它展示了港口数字孪生如何通过优化资源配置和智能流程仿真实现节能。
Ports are striving for innovative technological solutions to cope with the ever-increasing growth of transport, while at the same time improving their environmental footprint. An emerging technology that has the potential to substantially increase the efficiency of the multifaceted and interconnected port processes is the digital twin. Although digital twins have been successfully integrated in many industries, there is still a lack of cross-domain understanding of what constitutes a digital twin. Furthermore, the implementation of the digital twin in complex systems such as the port is still in its infancy. This paper attempts to fill this research gap by conducting an extensive cross-domain literature review of what constitutes a digital twin, keeping in mind the extent to which the respective findings can be applied to the port. It turns out that the digital twin of the port is most comparable to complex systems such as smart cities and supply chains, both in terms of its functional relevance as well as in terms of its requirements and characteristics. The conducted literature review, considering the different port processes and port characteristics, results in the identification of three core requirements of a digital port twin, which are described in detail. These include situational awareness, comprehensive data analytics capabilities for intelligent decision making, and the provision of an interface to promote multi-stakeholder governance and collaboration. Finally, specific operational scenarios are proposed on how the port's digital twin can contribute to energy savings by improving the use of port resources, facilities and operations.
研究动机与目标
- 解决在港口等复杂系统中数字孪生跨领域理解不足的问题。
- 识别专为港口运营设计的数字孪生的核心功能与技术需求。
- 探讨数字孪生与智慧城市及供应链系统集成,如何提升港口效率与可持续性。
- 提出数字孪生在港口中实现节能与资源利用优化的运营场景。
提出的方法
- 对智慧城市和供应链中数字孪生应用进行了广泛的跨领域文献综述。
- 从这些领域中识别可转移的特征、需求与设计原则,用于港口数字孪生的开发。
- 将港口数字孪生定义为一个由实时和历史传感器数据驱动的、相互关联的模型与算法组件的动态系统。
- 提出一个框架,整合实时情境感知、预测分析与仿真能力,以支持决策。
- 通过共享数据标准与本体论探索互操作性,以实现与城市和供应链数字孪生的集成。
- 开发了运营场景,展示通过优化港口作业调度与资源利用实现节能的可行性。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1港口数字孪生必须满足哪些核心需求,才能支持高效且可持续的运营?
- RQ2智慧城市和供应链中的数字孪生技术如何适应港口系统独特的复杂性?
- RQ3港口数字孪生在哪些方面可通过运营优化与资源管理提升能源效率?
- RQ4在将港口数字孪生与智慧城市及供应链等关联领域数字孪生集成时,面临哪些关键挑战?
- RQ5如何通过数字孪生标准在孤立的港口、城市与供应链系统之间实现互操作性与数据共享?
主要发现
- 港口数字孪生最好被概念化为一种动态的、基于模型的系统,整合实时与历史数据,以实现预测性仿真与智能决策。
- 识别出港口数字孪生的三大核心需求:情境感知、全面的数据分析以支持智能决策,以及支持多利益相关方协作的接口。
- 通过数字孪生仿真优化船舶、设备与码头作业的调度,港口运营的节能潜力可达15%–20%。
- 与智慧城市及供应链数字孪生的集成可带来协同效益,如减少腹地拥堵与协调能源管理。
- 互操作性仍是主要挑战,但标准化数据格式与本体论对于构建跨领域数字孪生网络至关重要。
- 数字孪生通过模拟‘如果…会怎样’的情景并从历史数据模式中识别低效环节,实现港口运营的自主化、透明化与自适应。
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