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[论文解读] Disentangling modes with crossover instantaneous frequencies by synchrosqueezed chirplet transforms, from theory to application

Ziyu Chen, Hau‐Tieng Wu|arXiv (Cornell University)|Dec 3, 2021
Image and Signal Denoising Methods被引用 4
一句话总结

本文提出了一种新型的时频-chirp率(TFC)表示方法——同步挤压啁啾变换(SCT),通过相位重分配技术,能够通过理论保证准确分离具有交叉瞬时频率的振荡模式。通过基于相位的重分配增强啁啾变换的模糊效应,SCT实现了高对比度、集中化的TFC表示,从而在非平稳信号中准确分离重叠模式。

ABSTRACT

Analysis of signals with oscillatory modes with crossover instantaneous frequencies is a challenging problem in time series analysis. One way to handle this problem is lifting the 2-dimensional time-frequency representation to a 3-dimensional representation, called time-frequency-chirp rate (TFC) representation, by adding one extra chirp rate parameter so that crossover frequencies are disentangled in higher dimension. The chirplet transform is an algorithm for this lifting idea, which leads to a TFC representation. However, in practice, we found that it has a strong ``blurring'' effect in the chirp rate axis, which limits its application in real-world data. Moreover, to our knowledge, we have limited mathematical understanding of the chirplet transform in the literature. Motivated by the need for the real-world data analysis, in this paper, we propose the synchrosqueezed chirplet transform (SCT) that enhances the TFC representation given by the chirplet transform. The resulting concentrated TFC representation has high contrast so that one can better distinguish different modes with crossover instantaneous frequencies. The basic idea is to use the phase information in the chirplet transform to determine a reassignment rule that sharpens the TFC representation determined by the chirplet transform. We also analyze the chirplet transform and provide theoretical guarantees of SCT.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决时间序列分析中具有交叉瞬时频率的振荡模式解耦挑战。
  • 克服传统啁啾变换在真实数据中在chirp率轴上的强模糊效应。
  • 为啁啾变换及其同步挤压变体提供数学上严谨的框架。
  • 开发一种高对比度、集中化的TFC表示,即使在频率交叉情况下也能实现精确模式分离。
  • 将时频分析的适用性扩展至具有复杂重叠振荡分量的非平稳信号。

提出的方法

  • 通过啁啾变换将二维时频表示提升为三维时频-chirp率(TFC)表示,引入chirp率参数以解决频率交叉问题。
  • 对啁啾变换输出应用基于相位的重分配,利用瞬时相位确定新的、更集中的TFC表示。
  • 将同步挤压啁啾变换(SCT)定义为基于相位导数信息对啁啾变换的时频-chirp率分量进行重分配。
  • 采用$ε$-ICT(epsilon-瞬时chirp率)模型,在局部二次相位假设下为方法提供理论依据。
  • 通过自适应窗函数实现SCT算法,并在合成信号与真实世界信号(包括狼嚎录音)上验证其性能。
  • 在$ε$-ICT假设下建立SCT的理论收敛性与稳定性保证,将现有SST理论扩展至高阶时频表示。
Figure 1. Top row, from left to right: the plot of $\Re(f_{1}+f_{2})$ , the plot of the IFs of $f_{1}$ and $f_{2}$ , and the spectrogram. Note that their IFs have a crossing point at $(t_{0},\xi_{0})=(3,24)$ . All the plots are generated with the kernel $g_{0}=e^{-\pi x^{2}}$ . Second row, from left
Figure 1. Top row, from left to right: the plot of $\Re(f_{1}+f_{2})$ , the plot of the IFs of $f_{1}$ and $f_{2}$ , and the spectrogram. Note that their IFs have a crossing point at $(t_{0},\xi_{0})=(3,24)$ . All the plots are generated with the kernel $g_{0}=e^{-\pi x^{2}}$ . Second row, from left

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1啁啾变换能否通过减少chirp率维度的模糊效应来增强模式分离能力?
  • RQ2如何利用啁啾变换中的相位信息对TFC表示中的能量进行重分配,以实现更清晰的集中化?
  • RQ3在何种理论条件下可确保同步挤压啁啾变换在分离具有交叉瞬时频率模式时的稳定性与准确性?
  • RQ4所提出的SCT在具有复杂、非正弦且重叠的振荡分量的真实世界信号上的表现如何?
  • RQ5当应用于非多项式或非二次相位函数的信号时,SCT在计算与理论上的局限性是什么?

主要发现

  • 同步挤压啁啾变换(SCT)在合成信号中成功解耦了具有交叉瞬时频率的模式,TFC表示中清晰显示出模式分离。
  • 与原始啁啾变换相比,SCT在TFC表示中实现了显著更高的对比度,后者在chirp率轴上存在强烈模糊。
  • 该方法有效解决了由两个二次相位分量组成的合成信号中的频率交叉问题,交叉点位于$ t_0 = 3 $和$ \xi_0 = 24 $。
  • 在真实世界数据(如16–17秒之间的狼嚎信号)中,SCT清晰分离了多个模式,TFC图中的视觉证据显示能量脊集中。
  • 理论分析证实,在$\epsilon$-ICT假设下,SCT可提供稳定且集中的TFC表示,将同步挤压框架扩展至高阶时频表示。
  • 尽管噪声鲁棒性在实验中被观察到(例如图8),但本文指出,噪声鲁棒性的理论依据仍是未来工作的开放问题。
Figure 2. An illustration of SCT with the standard Gaussian window. From left to right: the 3-dim visualization of $\mathinner{\!\left\lvert S_{f}^{(g_{0})}(t,\xi,\lambda)\right\rvert}$ , the projection of $\mathinner{\!\left\lvert S_{f}^{(g_{0})}(t,\xi,\lambda)\right\rvert}$ onto the time-frequency
Figure 2. An illustration of SCT with the standard Gaussian window. From left to right: the 3-dim visualization of $\mathinner{\!\left\lvert S_{f}^{(g_{0})}(t,\xi,\lambda)\right\rvert}$ , the projection of $\mathinner{\!\left\lvert S_{f}^{(g_{0})}(t,\xi,\lambda)\right\rvert}$ onto the time-frequency

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