[论文解读] Dissipation engineering in metamaterials by localized structural dynamics
本文提出了一种名为'metadamping'(元阻尼)的方法,通过在基体梁中嵌入局域共振子结构,实现对弹性超材料中耗散的增强或减弱。利用铝梁上周期性排列的柱体,作者通过理论建模与实验验证,在不同频段内实现了正负元阻尼,从而在不改变基体材料本征性能的前提下实现定制化阻尼。
In civil, mechanical, and aerospace engineering, structural dynamics is commonly understood to be a discipline concerned with the analysis and characterization of the vibratory response of structures. Key elements of the response are the amplitude, phase, and damping ratio, which are quantities that vary with the excitation frequency. In this paper, we extend the discipline of structural dynamics to the realm of materials engineering by intrinsically building localized substructures within, or attached to, the material domain itself$-$which is viewed as an extended medium without defined external boundaries. Our system is essentially a locally resonant elastic metamaterial, except here it is viewed from the perspective of unique dissipation characteristics rather than subwavelength effective properties or band gaps, as widely done in the literature. We provide a theory, validated by experiments, for substructurally synthesizing the dissipation under the conditions of free-wave motion, i.e., waves not constrained to a prescribed driving frequency. We use an extended elastic beam with attached pillars as an example of a metamaterial. When compared to an identical infinite beam with no attached substructures, we show that within certain frequency ranges the metamaterial exhibits either enhanced or reduced dissipation$-$which we refer to as positive and negative metadamping, respectively. These regimes are rigorously identified and characterized using the metamaterial's band structure and wavenumber-dependent dissipation diagram. This theory impacts applications that require a combination of high stiffness and high damping or, conversely, applications that benefit from a reduction in loss without the need to change the backbone constituent material.
研究动机与目标
- 解决在需要高刚度与高或低阻尼的结构应用中,本征材料阻尼受限的问题。
- 通过引入宏观尺度上的耗散工程新设计范式,克服材料刚度与阻尼之间的权衡。
- 通过实验与理论方法证明,局域共振子结构可在特定频段内增强或抑制阻尼。
- 建立一个基于能带结构与波数相关耗散图的框架,以预测和控制元阻尼。
- 通过内在设计而非材料替换,实现对高阻尼(如振动抑制)或极低损耗(如信号传输)应用的支撑。
提出的方法
- 将系统建模为具有周期性附着柱体作为局域共振器的一维周期性梁。
- 采用与频率无关的滞后阻尼模型来表示本征材料阻尼,其参数化为η。
- 利用耦合质量-弹簧-阻尼模型推导系统的复数色散关系,同时包含声学支与光学支。
- 通过求解二次特征值问题,获得波数相关的复数频率,进而提取阻尼比ζ(κ)。
- 构建分析与数值色散及阻尼比图,以识别正负元阻尼区域。
- 执行数值根查找,以确定η的边界,使其在布里渊区全范围内同时满足声学支正元阻尼与光学支负元阻尼。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1是否可利用局域共振子结构在不改变基体材料本征性能的前提下,对超材料中的耗散进行工程化调控?
- RQ2在何种条件下,超材料在一系列波数范围内表现出正元阻尼(增强阻尼)或负元阻尼(减弱阻尼)?
- RQ3基体材料的本征阻尼(以η参数化)如何影响正负元阻尼区间的出现?
- RQ4在布里渊区全范围内实现正负元阻尼的η临界边界为何?
- RQ5理论预测的元阻尼是否可在真实机械系统中通过实验验证?
主要发现
- 具有周期性附着柱体的超材料在不同频段内均表现出正负元阻尼,实验与理论结果一致确认。
- 当β = 0.01时,实现全波数范围内正负元阻尼的本征阻尼η的边界为0 < η < 0.14。
- 当η = 0.1时,光学支在整个波数范围(0 < κ < π)内表现出负元阻尼,表明其耗散低于均质梁。
- 当η = 0.2 > 0.14时,κ < 0.5范围内负元阻尼条件失效,表明存在一个明确的阈值,超过后负元阻尼不再维持。
- 当η < 0.14时,声学支在整个波数范围内均表现出正元阻尼(高于均质梁的阻尼)。
- 通过解析推导出模式合并的特殊点条件,为不同阻尼区间的转变提供了洞见。
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