[论文解读] Dissolving yourself in connection to others: shared experiences of ego attenuation and connectedness during group VR experiences can be comparable to psychedelics
本研究提出了一种名为'意识分散'(Isness-D)的多人虚拟现实(VR)框架,通过将用户表现为发光的、无边界的能量本体,打破自我与他人的界限。在一项分布式公民科学网络(N=58)中,参与者报告的自我感减弱和连接感水平与致幻药物体验相当,该结果通过验证过的自我超越体验量表进行测量。
With a growing body of research highlighting the therapeutic potential of experiential phenomenology which diminishes egoic identity and increases one's sense of connectedness, there is significant interest in how to elicit such 'self-transcendent experiences' (STEs) in laboratory contexts. Psychedelic drugs (YDs) have proven particularly effective in this respect, producing subjective phenomenology which reliably elicits intense STEs. With virtual reality (VR) emerging as a powerful tool for constructing new perceptual environments, we describe a VR framework called 'Isness-distributed' (Isness-D) which harnesses the unique affordances of distributed multi-person VR to blur conventional self-other boundaries. Within Isness-D, groups of participants co-habit a shared virtual space, collectively experiencing their bodies as luminous energetic essences with diffuse spatial boundaries. It enables moments of 'energetic coalescence', a new class of embodied phenomenological intersubjective experience where bodies can fluidly merge, enabling participants to have an experience of including multiple others within their self-representation. To evaluate Isness-D, we adopted a citizen science approach, coordinating an international network of Isness-D 'nodes'. We analyzed the results (N = 58) using 4 different self-report scales previously applied to analyze subjective YD phenomenology (the inclusion of community in self scale, ego-dissolution inventory, communitas scale, and the MEQ30 mystical experience questionnaire). Despite the complexities associated with a distributed experiment like this, the Isness-D scores on all 4 scales were statistically indistinguishable from recently published YD studies, demonstrating that distributed VR can be used to design intersubjective STEs where people dissolve their sense of self in the connection to others.
研究动机与目标
- 探讨虚拟现实是否能够诱导出与致幻药物(YDs)引发的自我超越体验(STEs)相当的体验。
- 解决在受控、可扩展且非药物干预条件下复制诸如自我感减弱等深刻现象学状态的挑战。
- 开发一种VR框架,通过感知与感官操控,实现用户在身体层面上与他人融合的共享体验。
- 使用在致幻药物研究中已验证的标准心理量表,评估该VR框架的有效性。
- 证明即使在地理上分散的参与者之间,分布式多用户VR也能大规模引发STEs,甚至与致幻药物体验相媲美。
提出的方法
- 设计名为'意识分散'(Isness-D)的VR环境,使用户感知自身为发光的、无边界的能量本体。
- 实现实时、共享的多人在单一虚拟空间中共存,并实现用户虚拟身体的流畅、动态融合。
- 实施共享亮度、同步运动和空间扩散等感知线索,以模糊自我与他人的界限。
- 利用分布式的国际网络'节点'在多个地点开展研究,确保生态效度与可扩展性。
- 应用四个标准化心理量表——自我-群体包含度(ICS)、自我消融量表(EDI)、共融感量表和MEQ30——以评估主观现象学体验。
- 通过统计比较分析结果与既往致幻药物研究的发表数据,评估体验强度的等效性。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1多用户VR环境能否诱导出以自我感减弱和连接感为特征的自我超越体验(STEs)?
- RQ2Isness-D中的现象学体验在多大程度上与致幻药物研究中报告的体验相匹配?
- RQ3分布式、地理上分散的VR体验能否引发可测量的STEs,且其效果与致幻药物相当?
- RQ4参与者在Isness-D中报告的自我消融感与群体连接感,与受控致幻药物试验中的报告相比如何?
- RQ5在虚拟空间中共享的、具身化的感知在多大程度上促进了传统自我-他者边界的消融?
主要发现
- Isness-D VR体验的参与者报告的自我消融得分在统计学上与近期致幻药物研究中的报告无显著差异。
- 自我-群体包含度(ICS)量表显示感知连接感显著提升,与致幻药物体验相当。
- 共融感量表揭示了强烈的共享意义感与集体存在感,表明存在深层次的主体间连接。
- Isness-D中的MEQ30神秘体验问卷得分与致幻药物试验相当,表明体验具有深远的、转化性的特质。
- 尽管分布式公民科学模式存在物流挑战,但各节点间的数据质量与一致性支持了稳健的结论。
- 结果表明,非药物性、基于VR的干预措施可引发与致幻药物体验在现象学特征上相当的自我超越体验。
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