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[论文解读] Distance, reddening and three dimensional structure of the SMC - I: Using RRab stars

Sukanta Deb|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 11, 2017
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies参考文献 3被引用 3
一句话总结

本研究利用 OGLE-IV 巡天中 3,522 颗 RRab 造父变星的 V 和 I 波段同时测光,同时确定了大麦哲伦云(SMC)的真实距离模数和消光,得到平均距离模数为 μ₀ = 18.909 ± 0.148 mag,E(B−V) = 0.066 ± 0.036 mag。研究进一步将 SMC 的三维结构建模为椭球体,得出其主轴比为 1.000 ± 0.001、1.113 ± 0.002 和 2.986 ± 0.023,与近期独立研究结果一致。

ABSTRACT

We present a study of simultaneous determination of mean distance and reddening to the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using the two photometric band RR Lyrae data. Currently available largest number of highly accurate and precise light curve data of the fundamental mode RR Lyrae stars (RRab) with better areal coverage released by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE)-IV project observed in the two photometric bands $(V,I)$ were utilised simultaneously in order to determine true distance and reddening independently for each of the individual RRab stars. Different empirical and theoretical calibrations leading to the determination of absolute magnitudes of RRab stars in the two bands, $V$ and $I$ along with their mean magnitudes were utilised to calculate the apparent distance moduli of each of these RRab stars in these two bands. Decomposing the apparent distance moduli into true distance modulus and reddening in each of these two bands, individual RRab distance and reddening were estimated solving the two apparent distance moduli equations. Modeling the observed distributions of the true distance moduli and reddenings of the SMC RRab stars as Gaussian, the true mean distance modulus and mean reddening value to the SMC were found to be {\bf $μ_{0}=18.909\pm0.148$ mag and $E(B-V)=0.066\pm0.036$ mag, respectively. This corresponds to a distance of $D = 60.506\pm 4.126$~kpc to the SMC. The three dimensional distribution of the SMC RRab stars was approximated as ellipsoid. Then using the principal axes transformation method \citep{deb14} we find the axes ratios of the SMC: $1.000\pm0.001,1.113\pm 0.002, 2.986\pm0.023$ with $i=3^{\circ}.156\pm0^{\circ}.188$ and $θ_{ ext{lon}}=38^{\circ}.027\pm0.577$.} These results are in agreement with other recent independent previous studies using different tracers and methodologies.

研究动机与目标

  • 利用 RRab 造父变星的多波段测光,同时确定大麦哲伦云(SMC)的真实距离模数和消光。
  • 将 SMC RRab 造父变星的三维空间分布建模为椭球体,以推断星系的本征形状和取向。
  • 利用 OGLE-IV 提供的大样本、高精度数据,验证 RRab 造父变星的经验周期-颜色关系。
  • 基于单个 RRab 造父变星的消光估计,构建 SMC 的高分辨率消光图。

提出的方法

  • 对 OGLE-IV 数据库中 3,522 颗 RRab 造父变星的 V 和 I 波段光变曲线进行联合分析,以推导两个波段的视距离模数。
  • 利用 RRab 恒星绝对星等的经验和理论校准,将视距离模数分解为真实距离模数和消光。
  • 将真实距离模数和消光的分布建模为正态分布,以估计 SMC 的平均距离和平均消光。
  • 应用主轴变换方法(Deb & Singh, 2014)于 RRab 造父变星的三维空间分布,以确定椭球体的主轴比和取向角。
  • 通过平均单个消光值,在 10×10 网格上构建消光图,以可视化 SMC 内消光的空间变化。
  • 利用 E(V−I) 修正后的固有颜色,推导出周期-颜色关系:(V−I)₀ = (1.255 ± 0.003)logP + (0.787 ± 0.001)。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1如何利用双波段测光的 RRab 造父变星,实现对 SMC 距离和消光的同步、自洽测定?
  • RQ2SMC 中 RRab 造父变星的三维空间分布偏离球对称的程度如何?其椭球结构的主轴比是多少?
  • RQ3SMC 内消光的空间分布如何变化?其是否与观测到的恒星密度或形态相关?
  • RQ4基于大样本、高精度的 OGLE-IV 数据集,RRab 造父变星的周期-颜色关系有多稳健?
  • RQ5本研究推导的 SMC 结构参数与其他示踪星系和方法的结果相比如何?

主要发现

  • SMC 的平均真实距离模数为 μ₀ = 18.909 ± 0.148 mag,对应距离 D = 60.506 ± 4.126 kpc。
  • SMC 的平均消光为 E(B−V) = 0.066 ± 0.036 mag,对应 E(V−I) = 0.088 ± 0.049 mag。
  • SMC RRab 造父变星的三维结构最适于用主轴比为 1.000 ± 0.001、1.113 ± 0.002 和 2.986 ± 0.023 的椭球体描述。
  • 倾角 i = 3.156° ± 0.188° 和升交点赤经 θ_lon = 38.027° ± 0.577° 表明该结构几乎为面朝上,且呈拉长形态。
  • 推导出的周期-颜色关系为:(V−I)₀ = (1.255 ± 0.003)logP + (0.787 ± 0.001),自由度为 1 的残差标准误为 0.108。
  • 该周期-颜色关系在 27,138 颗 LMC RRab 造父变星上得到验证,平均消光为 E(V−I) = 0.096 ± 0.067 mag,与独立测量结果一致。

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