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[论文解读] Do we need wavelets in the late Universe?

Luis A. Escamilla, Emre Özülker|arXiv (Cornell University)|Aug 22, 2024
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories被引用 5
一句话总结

本论文在 ΛCDM 之上引入了对哈勃半径的一个小波扩展,使用厄米小波在晚期产生局部化振荡,并用贝叶斯推断和模型比较对其进行与宇宙学数据的检验。小波对 BAO 数据的拟合有所改进,且偏好红shift中心依数据集而定。

ABSTRACT

We parameterize the Hubble function by adding Hermitian wavelets to the Hubble radius of $Λ$CDM. This allows us to build Hubble functions that oscillate around $Λ$CDM at late times without modifying its angular diameter distance to last scattering. We perform parameter inference and model selection procedures on these new Hubble functions at the background level. In our analyses consisting of a wide variety of cosmological observations, we find that baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) data play a crucial role in determining the constraints on the wavelet parameters. In particular, we focus on the differences between SDSS- and DESI-BAO datasets and find that wavelets provide a better fit to the data when either of the BAO datasets is present. However, DESI-BAO has a preference for the center of the wavelets to be around $z \sim 0.7$, while SDSS-BAO prefers higher redshifts of $z > 1$. This difference appears to be driven by the discrepancies between these two datasets in their $D_H / r_{ m d}$ measurements at $z = 0.51$ and $z \sim 2.3$. Finally, we also derive the consequences of the wavelets on a dark energy component. We find that the dark energy density oscillates by construction and also attains negative values at large redshifts ($z\gtrsim2$) as a consequence of the SDSS-BAO data. We conclude that while the early universe and the constraints on the matter density and the Hubble constant remain unchanged, wavelets are favored in the late universe by the BAO data. Specifically, there is a significant improvement at more than $3σ$ in the fit when new DESI-BAO data are included in the analysis.

研究动机与目标

  • 激发并探索对哈勃半径的一个小波扩展,以捕捉 ΛCDM 潜在的晚期偏离,同时不改变到最后散射时的角直径距离。
  • 使用来自高斯导数的厄米小波发展一组参数化的 H(z) 偏差族。
  • 利用广泛的宇宙学数据对小波参数进行约束,并通过贝叶斯证据对模型进行比较。
  • 研究不同 BAO 数据集(SDSS-BAO 与 DESI-BAO)对小波约束的影响及所隐含的暗能量行为。

提出的方法

  • 将哈勃函数偏差定义为 1/H(z) = 1/𝓗(z) + ψ(z),其中 𝓗(z) 为 ΛCDM,ψ(z) 为厄米小波。
  • 将小波 ψ_n(z) 构造为高斯样基 G(z) 的第 n 阶导数,以控制振荡节点。
  • 使用前四个厄米小波(ψ1–ψ4)来生成具有三个小波参数(α_h、β_h、z†)的模型变体。
  • 使用改编的 SimpleMC MCMC 框架进行贝叶斯参数估计与模型选择,并使用 dynesty 进行贝叶斯证据的计算。
  • 整合来自 CMB 相关 BAO(Pl)、SN Ia(Pantheon+)、宇宙计时器,以及两个 BAO 数据集(SB: SDSS-BAO, DB: DESI-BAO)及必要的 H0 先验数据。
  • 使用完整协方差矩阵从数据中计算 χ2,并在适用处对 Pl、SN、BAO 和 H0 的贡献求和。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1基于小波的哈勃半径偏差是否能够在保留到最后散射的角直径距离的同时再现晚期的振荡特征?
  • RQ2厄米小波如何改变推断出的膨胀历史和暗能量密度?
  • RQ3使用 SDSS-BAO 相对于 DESI-BAO 对偏好的小波参数以及拟合优度有何影响?
  • RQ4基于 BAO 的小波拟合是否需要动态暗能量?若需要,推断出的 ρ_DE(z) 和 w_DE(z) 的演化为何?

主要发现

模型数据集hΩ_m,0ln B_{ΛCDM,i}-2ΔlnL_max
ΛCDMSB+Pl0.679 (0.006)0.309 (0.007)00
ψ1SB+Pl0.684 (0.005)0.306 (0.007)-0.22 (0.35)-5.22
ψ2SB+Pl0.686 (0.006)0.303 (0.008)-0.51 (0.34)-4.72
ψ3SB+Pl0.684 (0.005)0.307 (0.007)-0.54 (0.34)-5.29
ψ4SB+Pl0.685 (0.006)0.306 (0.007)-0.66 (0.34)-6.58
ΛCDMSB+SN0.686 (0.013)0.306 (0.013)00
ψ1SB+SN0.692 (0.014)0.315 (0.015)-0.61 (0.17)-7.42
ψ2SB+SN0.692 (0.014)0.318 (0.016)-1.22 (0.17)-8.59
ψ3SB+SN0.693 (0.014)0.315 (0.015)-0.83 (0.18)-8.07
ψ4SB+SN0.692 (0.014)0.314 (0.014)-0.71 (0.18)-8.61
ΛCDMSB+SN+Pl0.676 (0.006)0.312 (0.007)00
ψ1SB+SN+Pl0.684 (0.005)0.306 (0.007)-0.22 (0.35)-5.22
ψ2SB+SN+Pl0.685 (0.005)0.306 (0.006)-0.51 (0.34)-4.72
ψ3SB+SN+Pl0.684 (0.005)0.307 (0.007)-0.54 (0.34)-5.29
ψ4SB+SN+Pl0.685 (0.006)0.306 (0.007)-0.66 (0.34)-6.58
ΛCDMSB+SN+H00.709 (0.014)0.311 (0.013)00
ψ1SB+SN+H00.705 (0.012)0.315 (0.015)0.14 (0.24)-2.91
ψ2SB+SN+H00.706 (0.012)0.318 (0.015)0.34 (0.24)-3.17
ψ3SB+SN+H00.705 (0.012)0.314 (0.015)0.55 (0.23)-3.89
ψ4SB+SN+H00.705 (0.011)0.314 (0.015)-0.11 (0.23)-3.23
ΛCDMSB+SN+Pl+H00.679 (0.005)0.308 (0.007)00
ψ1SB+SN+Pl+H00.687 (0.005)0.303 (0.007)-1.38 (0.34)-6.18
ψ2SB+SN+Pl+H00.688 (0.005)0.302 (0.007)-1.52 (0.34)-6.34
ψ3SB+SN+Pl+H00.688 (0.006)0.302 (0.007)-1.48 (0.35)-7.16
ψ4SB+SN+Pl+H00.688 (0.005)0.302 (0.006)-1.21 (0.34)-7.78
ΛCDMSN+Pl0.671 (0.006)0.319 (0.008)00
ψ1SN+Pl0.676 (0.026)0.331 (0.017)0.58 (0.23)-3.71
ψ2SN+Pl0.675 (0.026)0.332 (0.018)0.12 (0.24)-3.85
ψ3SN+Pl0.676 (0.028)0.332 (0.018)0.13 (0.22)-5.21
ψ4SN+Pl0.676 (0.026)0.330 (0.017)0.42 (0.23)-5.41
ΛCDMSN+H00.711 (0.019)0.322 (0.017)00
ψ1SN+H00.711 (0.017)0.323 (0.016)-0.28 (0.22)-3.88
ψ2SN+H00.712 (0.017)0.323 (0.017)-0.12 (0.22)-4.18
ψ3SN+H00.712 (0.017)0.324 (0.016)-0.69 (0.22)-5.04
ψ4SN+H00.712 (0.018)0.322 (0.017)-0.09 (0.24)-5.66
ΛCDMSN+Pl+H00.678 (0.005)0.311 (0.007)00
ψ1SN+Pl+H00.686 (0.005)0.304 (0.007)-1.61 (0.35)-13.25
ψ2SN+Pl+H00.686 (0.005)0.304 (0.007)-1.41 (0.34)-11.87
ψ3SN+Pl+H00.686 (0.005)0.304 (0.006)-1.99 (0.34)-12.48
ψ4SN+Pl+H00.686 (0.005)0.304 (0.007)-1.31 (0.34)-12.01
  • 小波偏差能够比 ΛCDM 更好地拟合 BAO 数据,负的 ΔlnL_max 表明在多种数据组合中拟合有所改进。
  • 对于 DESI-BAO,当与 SN 和 Planck 数据结合时,小波在很高的显著性水平上受青睐(在大多数情况下超过 3σ),尽管结果取决于所使用的 BAO 数据集。
  • 小波中心 z† 的后验随数据而改变:DESI-BAO 偏好 z† ~ 0.7,而 SDSS-BAO 偏好 z† > 1,受到某些 D_H/r_d 测量不一致的驱动。
  • 纳入 Planck 数据约束了类似 ΛCDM 的基线,但小波仍具竞争力,提供一个可解释的动态偏离,能够缓解 BAO 之间的紧张。
  • 小波引发的振荡导致暗能量密度 ρ_DE(z) 呈振荡形状,且在高红移(z ≳ 2)下可能变为负值,具体取决于数据组合。
  • 总体而言,早期宇宙约束(Ω_m、h)与 ΛCDM 一致,而晚期 BAO 数据则偏好扩展膨胀历史的小波。
  • 在包含 DESI-BAO 数据时拟合有显著改善,超出仅凭额外小波参数所预期的提升。

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