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[论文解读] Driving Simulator Platform for Development and Evaluation of Safety and Emergency Systems

Andrés E. Gómez, Tiago C. dos Santos|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 1, 2018
Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety参考文献 16被引用 4
一句话总结

本文提出了一种灵活、可适应的驾驶模拟器平台,用于开发和评估车辆安全及紧急系统,特别是协同车辆系统和驾驶辅助系统(DAS)。该平台支持可定制的软硬件配置以实现逼真的模拟,关键结果表明,V2V通信延迟显著影响系统性能,且仅靠DAS警告不足以确保驾驶员在紧急情况下的响应。

ABSTRACT

According to data from the United Nations, more than 3000 people have died each day in the world due to road traffic collision. Considering recent researches, the human error may be considered as the main responsible for these fatalities. Because of this, researchers seek alternatives to transfer the vehicle control from people to autonomous systems. However, providing this technological innovation for the people may demand complex challenges in the legal, economic and technological areas. Consequently, carmakers and researchers have divided the driving automation in safety and emergency systems that improve the driver perception on the road. This may reduce the human error. Therefore, the main contribution of this study is to propose a driving simulator platform to develop and evaluate safety and emergency systems, in the first design stage. This driving simulator platform has an advantage: a flexible software structure.This allows in the simulation one adaptation for development or evaluation of a system. The proposed driving simulator platform was tested in two applications: cooperative vehicle system development and the influence evaluation of a Driving Assistance System ( extit{DAS}) on a driver. In the cooperative vehicle system development, the results obtained show that the increment of the time delay in the communication among vehicles ($V2V$) is determinant for the system performance. On the other hand, in the influence evaluation of a extit{DAS} in a driver, it was possible to conclude that the extit{DAS'} model does not have the level of influence necessary in a driver to avoid an accident.

研究动机与目标

  • 通过开发一种用于测试安全与紧急系统的工具,解决由人为错误导致的高道路死亡率问题。
  • 通过创建一种灵活、开放式架构的驾驶模拟器平台,克服固定式高成本模拟器的局限性。
  • 使研究人员能够在可控、可重复的条件下,通过可定制的场景原型化并评估安全系统。
  • 评估驾驶辅助系统(DAS)在紧急情况下的驾驶员行为影响。
  • 评估V2V通信延迟对协同车辆系统性能的影响。

提出的方法

  • 设计一种模块化驾驶模拟器平台,配备可调节的软硬件组件,以满足多样化研究需求。
  • 实施一种灵活的软件架构,使研究人员能够修改车辆动力学、传感器模型和通信协议。
  • 集成V2X通信模型,以模拟协同系统中的车对车(V2V)交互。
  • 开发逼真的视觉与运动模拟环境,以复现真实道路驾驶条件。
  • 通过人类参与者进行受控实验,评估DAS对驾驶员行为的影响。
  • 使用统计分析(例如,自举法置信区间)比较DAS组与非DAS组的驾驶员反应。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在模拟环境中,可变的V2V通信延迟如何影响协同车辆系统的性能?
  • RQ2驾驶辅助系统(DAS)在紧急碰撞情景中在多大程度上影响驾驶员行为?
  • RQ3灵活的驾驶模拟器平台是否能有效支持安全与紧急系统在早期阶段的开发与评估?
  • RQ4信息性DAS警告(例如,声音警报)是否足以促使驾驶员及时采取行动以避免碰撞?
  • RQ5在DAS与非DAS条件下,驾驶员反应指标(例如,速度、制动应用)的差异如何比较?

主要发现

  • V2V通信延迟的增加显著降低了协同车辆系统的性能,表明对低延迟通信存在关键需求。
  • 在第二次碰撞情景中,使用DAS模型的驾驶员比未使用DAS的驾驶员平均慢约20 km/h,95%置信区间支持该差异。
  • 尽管DAS模型发出了警告,但DAS组的所有参与者在第二次碰撞情景的初始阶段均未施加制动。
  • DAS模型对驾驶员的影响不足以确保及时避免碰撞,表明需要更具主动性或更强干预的措施。
  • 参与者仅在经历第一次碰撞后才理解DAS的作用,表明其对系统的认知适应存在延迟。
  • 该模拟平台成功实现了对安全系统的早期阶段评估,验证了其在研究与开发中的实用性。

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