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[论文解读] Earth's Inner Core dynamics induced by the Lorentz force

Marine Lasbleis, Renaud Deguen|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 8, 2015
Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies参考文献 10被引用 3
一句话总结

本研究探讨了地球内核中地磁场与内核相互作用产生的洛伦兹力,如何驱动黏性流动,从而通过晶格优选取向(LPO)引发地震各向异性。通过解析与数值方法,研究发现,在稳定分层的内核中,洛伦兹力在内核边界(ICB)附近产生一个薄剪切层,其应变率过低,除非内核黏度低于约10¹² Pa·s,否则无法产生显著的定向纹理。

ABSTRACT

Seismic studies indicate that the Earth's inner core has a complex structure and exhibits a strong elastic anisotropy with a cylindrical symmetry. Among the various models which have been proposed to explain this anisotropy, one class of models considers the effect of the Lorentz force associated with the magnetic field diffused within the inner core. In this paper we extend previous studies and use analytical calculations and numerical simulations to predict the geometry and strength of the flow induced by the poloidal component of the Lorentz force in a neutrally or stably stratified growing inner core, exploring also the effect of different types of boundary conditions at the inner core boundary (ICB). Unlike previous studies, we show that the boundary condition that is most likely to produce a significant deformation and seismic anisotropy is impermeable, with negligible radial flow through the boundary. Exact analytical solutions are found in the case of a negligible effect of buoyancy forces in the inner core (neutral stratification), while numerical simulations are used to investigate the case of stable stratification. In this situation, the flow induced by the Lorentz force is found to be localized in a shear layer below the ICB, which thickness depends on the strength of the stratification, but not on the magnetic field strength. We obtain scaling laws for the thickness of this layer, as well as for the flow velocity and strain rate in this shear layer as a function of the control parameters, which include the magnitude of the magnetic field, the strength of the density stratification, the viscosity of the inner core, and the growth rate of the inner core. We find that the resulting strain rate is probably too small to produce significant texturing unless the inner core viscosity is smaller than about $10^{12}$ Pa.s.

研究动机与目标

  • 评估地磁场产生的洛伦兹力是否足以在地球内核中引起足够变形,以解释观测到的地震各向异性。
  • 研究内核边界(ICB)处的稳定分层与边界条件如何影响洛伦兹力驱动流动的几何形态与强度。
  • 确定由此产生的应变率是否足以在铁晶体中形成晶格优选取向(LPO),这是地震各向异性的重要机制。
  • 推导剪切层厚度、流速与应变率的标度律,作为磁场强度、分层度、黏度与生长速率的函数。

提出的方法

  • 针对假设浮力力可忽略的中性分层内核,推导了解析解。
  • 对稳定分层的内核进行数值模拟,求解包含代表洛伦兹力极向分量的磁体力项的动量与连续性方程。
  • 将内核建模为以t¹ᐟ²规律径向生长,并使用佩克莱特数(Pe₀)比较生长与扩散的时间尺度。
  • 测试边界条件,重点关注不可渗透的ICB(径向流动可忽略),发现该条件能最大化变形。
  • 假设磁场为时间不变且轴对称,采用(2,0)阶谐函数以最大化洛伦兹力效应。
  • 基于无量纲控制参数(包括磁场强度、分层度与黏度)推导强分层状态下剪切层厚度、流速与应变率的标度律。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1洛伦兹力的极向分量能否在地球内核中产生足够变形,以解释观测到的地震各向异性?
  • RQ2内核中的稳定分层如何影响洛伦兹力驱动流动的结构与强度?
  • RQ3内核边界(ICB)边界条件——特别是不可渗透与可渗透——在决定诱导应变大小方面起什么作用?
  • RQ4在强分层条件下,剪切层厚度、流速与应变率的标度律是什么?
  • RQ5在现实黏度条件下,预测的应变率是否足够大,以在内核中产生晶格优选取向(LPO)?

主要发现

  • 当内核处于稳定分层状态时,洛伦兹力在内核边界(ICB)附近诱导出一个薄剪切层,其位于内核上部区域。
  • 该剪切层的厚度取决于密度分层强度与佩克莱特数(Pe₀),但与磁场强度无关。
  • 剪切层中的应变率与磁场强度成正比,与内核黏度成反比,已为热分层与成分分层两种情形推导出标度律。
  • 除非内核黏度低于约10¹² Pa·s,否则预测的应变率过低,无法产生显著的晶格优选取向(LPO)。
  • 即使在最有利情况下,当黏度高于10¹² Pa·s时,内核中心附近的累积变形仍低于1,表明纹理化潜力有限。
  • 驱动水平流动的洛伦兹力的方位分量所产生的应变率大于极向分量,表明其在内核变形中占主导地位。

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