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[论文解读] Edge server placement with capacitated location allocation

Tero Lähderanta, Teemu Leppänen|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 17, 2019
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing被引用 24
一句话总结

本文提出了一种容量限制的选址-分配算法,用于城市Wi-Fi网络中边缘服务器的最优部署,通过上下限容量约束实现负载均衡,同时最小化用户与服务器之间的距离。该方法支持低容量服务器间的负载共享,在真实世界密集和稀疏部署场景中均优于以往方法。

ABSTRACT

Edge computing in the Internet of Things brings applications and content closer to the users by introducing an additional computational layer at the network infrastructure, between cloud and the resource-constrained data producing devices and user equipment. This way, the opportunistic nature of the operational environment is addressed by introducing computational power in location with low latency and high bandwidth. However, location-aware deployment of edge computing infrastructure requires careful placement scheme for edge servers. To provide the best possible Quality of Service for the user applications, their proximity needs to be optimized. Moreover, the deployment faces practical limitations in budget limitations, hardware requirements of servers and in online load balancing between servers. To address these challenges, we formulate the edge server placement as a capacitated location-allocation problem, while minimizing the distance between servers and access points of a real city-wide Wi-Fi network deployment. In our algorithm, we utilize both upper and lower server capacity constraints for load balancing. Furthermore, we enable sharing of workload between servers to facilitate deployments with low capacity servers. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated in placement scenarios, exemplified by high capacity servers for edge computing and low capacity servers for Fog computing, with different parameters in a real-world data set. The data set consists of both dense deployment of access points in central areas, but also sparse deployment in suburban areas within the same network infrastructure. In comparison, we show that previous approaches do not sufficiently address such deployment. The presented algorithm is able to provide optimal placements that minimize the distances and provide balanced workload with sharing by following the capacity constraints.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决在接入点密度混合的城市网络中部署边缘服务器的挑战。
  • 通过最小化用户与服务器之间的距离,提升边缘计算中的服务质量。
  • 施加现实的服务器容量约束,以实现有效的负载均衡。
  • 支持低容量服务器之间的负载共享,以促进雾计算部署。
  • 使用真实世界数据,在高容量边缘计算和低容量雾计算场景下评估性能。

提出的方法

  • 将边缘服务器部署建模为一个以最小化距离为目标的容量限制选址-分配问题。
  • 引入服务器容量的上下限约束,以确保工作负载均衡。
  • 提出服务器间的工作负载共享机制,以适应低容量硬件。
  • 将该算法应用于包含密集和稀疏接入点部署的真实城市范围Wi-Fi网络数据集。
  • 采用混合整数规划方法,在容量和接近度约束下优化服务器部署。
  • 在不同服务器容量水平和网络拓扑下评估性能。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1如何优化边缘服务器部署,以在异构城市网络部署中最小化用户与服务器之间的距离?
  • RQ2容量约束在多大程度上影响边缘服务器部署中的负载均衡与性能?
  • RQ3低容量服务器间的工作负载共享能否提升部署可行性与性能?
  • RQ4在真实世界密集和郊区网络场景中,所提方法与以往方法相比表现如何?
  • RQ5服务器容量的变化对部署解决方案的最优性与可扩展性有何影响?

主要发现

  • 所提算法实现了最优服务器部署,在遵守容量约束的前提下最小化了用户与服务器之间的距离。
  • 服务器间的工作负载共享使得即使在低容量硬件条件下也能实现有效部署,提升了可扩展性。
  • 该方法在处理包含密集和稀疏接入点区域的混合部署环境方面优于以往方法。
  • 通过施加服务器的上下限容量约束,实现了工作负载的均衡。
  • 该算法在不同服务器容量水平(包括雾计算场景)下表现出鲁棒性和适应性。
  • 真实世界评估证实了该方法在实际城市网络基础设施中的有效性。

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