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[论文解读] Effect of Rare-earth Element Substitution in Superconducting R$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ Under Pressure

Zhiming Pan, Lu Chen|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 12, 2023
Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials被引用 4
一句话总结

本研究采用聚焦于3dₓ²⁻ʸ²轨道的强关联双层t-J∥-J⊥模型,研究高压下超导体R₃Ni₂O₇中稀土(RE)元素的取代效应。结果表明,用Sm取代La可增强层间自旋交换积分J⊥,使超导转变温度几乎翻倍(Tc ≈ 160 K),同时保持层间s波配对特性,表明该体系中存在实现更高Tc超导体的可行路径。

ABSTRACT

Recently, high temperature ($T_c\approx 80$K) superconductivity (SC) has been discovered in La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ (LNO) under pressure. Question arises whether the transition temperature $T_c$ could be further enhanced under suitable conditions. A possible route for realizing higher $T_c$ is element substitution. Similar SC could appear in rare-earth (RE) R$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ (RNO, R=RE element) material series under pressure. The electronic properties in the RNO materials are dominated by the Ni $3d$ orbitals in the bilayer NiO$_2$ plane. In the strong coupling limit, the SC could be fully characterized by a bilayer single $3d_{x^2-y^2}$-orbital $t$-$J_{\parallel}$-$J_{\perp}$ model. Under RE element substitution from La to RE element, the lattice constant decreases and the electronic hopping increases, leading to stronger superexchanges between the $3d_{x^2-y^2}$ orbitals. Based on the slave-boson mean-field theory, we explore the pairing nature and the evolution of $T_c$ in RNO materials. Consequently, it is found that the element substitution does not alter the pairing nature, i.e. the inter-layer $s$-wave pairing is always favored in RNO. However, the $T_c$ increases from La to Sm and a nearly doubled $T_c$ is achieved for SmNO. This work provides evidence for possible higher $T_c$ R$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ materials, which may be realized in further experiments.

研究动机与目标

  • 研究高压下稀土(RE)元素取代对R₃Ni₂O₇中超导转变温度(Tc)的影响。
  • 确定元素取代是否可使Tc超越La₃Ni₂O₇(LNO)中观测到的约80 K的水平。
  • 利用最小有效模型,在强关联极限下探究配对对称性及Tc的演化行为。
  • 调和弱耦合(RPA)预测与强关联极限下Tc增强预期之间的矛盾。

提出的方法

  • 采用双层单3dₓ²⁻ʸ²轨道t-J∥-J⊥模型作为R₃Ni₂O₇中超导性的最小有效哈密顿量。
  • 利用规范场玻色子平均场理论研究RE取代下超导配对及Tc的演化。
  • 从先前的DFT计算中引入与RE相关的晶格与电子参数,以调节J∥和J⊥。
  • 聚焦于强洪特耦合在将层间自旋交换J⊥从3d_z²轨道传递至3dₓ²⁻ʸ²轨道中的作用。
  • 分析在La→Sm取代下,随着层间跃迁积分和J⊥增加,配对对称性及Tc的变化。
  • 与弱耦合RPA预测结果进行比较,突出强关联效应的重要性。
Figure 1: Schematic diagram for the effective single $3d_{x^{2}-y^{2}}$ orbital bilayer $t$ - $J_{\parallel}$ - $J_{\perp}$ model. Each layer is comprised by a conventional intra-layer $t$ - $J_{\parallel}$ model, while the two layers interact through an inter-layer spin exchange $J_{\perp}$ .
Figure 1: Schematic diagram for the effective single $3d_{x^{2}-y^{2}}$ orbital bilayer $t$ - $J_{\parallel}$ - $J_{\perp}$ model. Each layer is comprised by a conventional intra-layer $t$ - $J_{\parallel}$ model, while the two layers interact through an inter-layer spin exchange $J_{\perp}$ .

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在高压下,从La到Sm的稀土元素取代是否能增强R₃Ni₂O₇中的超导转变温度Tc?
  • RQ2在RE取代下,R₃Ni₂O₇体系中的超导配对性质(如s波与d波)为何种类型?
  • RQ3随着RE元素取代的进行,层间自旋交换J⊥如何演化?其在Tc增强中起何作用?
  • RQ4为何强关联图像预测Tc增强,而弱耦合RPA预测Tc抑制?
  • RQ5仅包含3dₓ²⁻ʸ²轨道的模型能否捕捉R₃Ni₂O₇中高温超导性的本质物理,还是必须考虑3d_z²轨道自由度?

主要发现

  • 从La到Sm的RE元素取代增强了有效层间自旋交换J⊥和层内J∥,这是由于跃迁积分的增强。
  • 在整个La至Sm系列中,超导配对始终保持为层间s波配对,配对对称性未发生改变。
  • 超导转变温度Tc显著提高,从La₃Ni₂O₇中的约80 K提升至Sm₃Ni₂O₇中的约160 K(在高压下)。
  • Tc的增强主要由J⊥的增加驱动,该过程通过强洪特耦合及3d_z²轨道的层间跃迁实现。
  • 强关联t-J∥-J⊥模型预测的Tc增强与弱耦合RPA分析结果相反,凸显强关联效应的重要性。
  • 3d_z²轨道自由度在其中起关键的间接作用,通过其存在使强J⊥成为可能,再经由洪特耦合将J⊥传递至3dₓ²⁻ʸ²轨道。
Figure 2: Relevant hopping strength and effective spin exchange for different RE elements from La to Sm. From La to Sm, the inter-layer $3d_{z^{2}}$ hopping $t_{zz}^{\perp}$ and intra-layer $3d_{x^{2}-y^{2}}$ hopping $t_{xx}^{\parallel}$ both gradually increase [ 27 ] . The effective inter-layer $3d
Figure 2: Relevant hopping strength and effective spin exchange for different RE elements from La to Sm. From La to Sm, the inter-layer $3d_{z^{2}}$ hopping $t_{zz}^{\perp}$ and intra-layer $3d_{x^{2}-y^{2}}$ hopping $t_{xx}^{\parallel}$ both gradually increase [ 27 ] . The effective inter-layer $3d

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