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[论文解读] Effect of religious rules on time of conception in Romania from 1905 to 2001

Claudiu Herţeliu, Bogdan Vasile Ileanu|RePEc: Research Papers in Economics|Sep 2, 2015
Religion and Society Interactions被引用 5
一句话总结

本研究利用一份涵盖97年每日出生记录的数据集(2490万例出生),分析了1905年至2001年间罗马尼亚在宗教斋戒期(尤其是四旬期和圣诞节斋戒期)对受孕时间的影响。通过结合宗教信仰、斋戒期、农村程度、日照时长、周末因素及长期趋势的计量经济模型,发现四旬期斋戒对受孕的负面影响强于圣诞节斋戒期,尤其在东正教农村人群中更为显著,表明宗教是导致非均匀受孕模式的关键因素,其影响超越了季节性效应。

ABSTRACT

Population growth (or decay) in a country can be due to various f socio-economic constraints, as demonstrated in this paper. For example, sexual intercourse is banned in various religions, during Nativity and Lent fasting periods. Data consisting of registered daily birth records for very long (35,429 points) time series and many (24,947,061) babies in Romania between 1905 and 2001 (97 years) is analyzed. The data was obtained from the 1992 and 2002 censuses, thus on persons alive at that time. We grouped the population into two categories (Eastern Orthodox and Non-Orthodox) in order to distinguish religious constraints and performed extensive data analysis in a comparative manner for both groups. From such a long time series data analysis, it seems that the Lent fast has a more drastic effect than the Nativity fast over baby conception within the Eastern Orthodox population, thereby differently increasing the population ratio. Thereafter, we developed and tested econometric models where the dependent variable is the baby conception deduced day, while the independent variables are: (i) religious affiliation; (ii) Nativity and Lent fast time intervals; (iii) rurality; (iv) day length; (v) weekend, and (vi) a trend background. Our findings are concordant with other papers, proving differences between religious groups on conception, - although reaching different conclusions regarding the influence of weather on fertility. The approach seems a useful hint for developing econometric-like models in other sociophysics prone cases.

研究动机与目标

  • 分析20世纪期间宗教斋戒期(四旬期与圣诞节斋戒期)对罗马尼亚受孕季节性的影响。
  • 检验宗教约束(尤其是斋戒期间禁欲)是否显著改变受孕模式。
  • 比较东正教(EOx)与非东正教(NOx)人群之间的受孕趋势,以隔离宗教影响与其他社会经济及环境因素的差异。
  • 构建并验证包含宗教信仰、斋戒期、农村程度、日照时长、周末及长期趋势的计量经济模型,以量化其对受孕时间的影响。

提出的方法

  • 数据源自1992年与2002年罗马尼亚人口普查,涵盖24,947,061例出生,时间跨度为1905年至2001年,共35,429个每日时间点。
  • 将人群二元划分为东正教(EOx)与非东正教(NOx)群体,以隔离宗教影响。
  • 构建计量经济模型,以受孕日期为因变量,自变量包括:宗教信仰、四旬期与圣诞节斋戒期区间、农村程度、日照时长、周末指标及长期趋势。
  • 通过排除高度相关的变量(如气温与家务负担)来处理多重共线性问题,保留日照时长作为光周期性的代理变量。
  • 通过决定系数(R-squared)与t检验评估模型表现,并使用标准化回归系数比较各预测变量的相对影响。
  • 将分析按子时段(如1948–1966年)分段,以检测模式变化,特别是与齐奥塞斯库法令等政治事件相关的变化。
Figure 1: Religious affiliation in Romania Source of data: Censuses performed across Romanian territories in the last 150 years. Please note that in communist era four censuses were performed (1948, 1956, 1966 and 1977). Due to political bias, none of them included the questionnaire items regarding
Figure 1: Religious affiliation in Romania Source of data: Censuses performed across Romanian territories in the last 150 years. Please note that in communist era four censuses were performed (1948, 1956, 1966 and 1977). Due to political bias, none of them included the questionnaire items regarding

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1东正教传统中,四旬期与圣诞节斋戒期禁止性行为是否显著影响罗马尼亚受孕时间?
  • RQ2四旬期与圣诞节斋戒期在持续时间与强度上,对受孕率的影响有何差异?
  • RQ3与城市地区相比,农村居住在多大程度上会放大宗教斋戒对受孕模式的影响?
  • RQ4缺乏特定斋戒期的非东正教人群与东正教人群在受孕季节性上存在何种差异?
  • RQ5光周期性(日照时长)、周末及其他社会文化因素在塑造受孕季节性方面,其相对贡献如何,且是否独立于宗教规则?

主要发现

  • 四旬期斋戒对受孕率的负面影响显著强于圣诞节斋戒期,尤其在东正教农村人群中表现明显。
  • 四旬期斋戒效应的标准化回归系数在所有预测变量中绝对值最大,表明其在塑造受孕季节性方面占据主导地位。
  • 农村程度(rEOx)与季节性受孕模式呈强正相关,表明农村生活方式对宗教与环境周期更为敏感。
  • 在1966年之前,周末对EOx与NOx人群的受孕均有正面影响,但此后转为负面影响,可能与社会政治变革有关。
  • 月相照明部分比例在统计上不显著,排除了月相作为受孕时间驱动因素的可能性。
  • 非东正教人群的计量经济模型整体表现较弱,证实宗教斋戒是受孕模式差异的关键区分因素。
Figure 2: Quintile distribution of daily aggregated births for the Eastern Orthodox (EOx) population during 1905-2001.
Figure 2: Quintile distribution of daily aggregated births for the Eastern Orthodox (EOx) population during 1905-2001.

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