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[论文解读] Electronic and magnetic excitations in La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$

Xiaoyang Chen, Jaewon Choi|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 23, 2024
Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism被引用 4
一句话总结

本研究利用X射线吸收谱和非弹性X射线散射研究了常压下La₃Ni₂O₇中的电子激发与磁激发。研究识别出Ni 3dₓ²⁻ᵧ²、Ni 3d_z²和O 2p轨道在低能物理中占主导地位,且电荷转移能较小;并发现光学型磁激发在约150 K时软化为准静态自旋密度波(SDW)序,表明存在强电子关联效应及主导的层间超交换相互作用。

ABSTRACT

The striking discovery of high-temperature superconductivity (HTSC) of 80 K in a bilayer nickelate La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ under a moderately high pressure of about 14 GPa ignited a new wave of studying HTSC in nickelates. The properties of the parental phase at ambient pressure may contain key information on basic interactions therein and bosons that may mediate pairing giving birth to superconductivity. Moreover, the bilayer structure of La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ may suggest a distinct minimal model in comparison to cuprate superconductors. Here using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, we studied La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ at ambient pressure, and found that Ni 3$d_{x^2-y^2}$, Ni 3$d_{z^2}$, and ligand oxygen 2$p$ orbitals dominate the low-energy physics with a small charge-transfer energy. Remarkably, well-defined optical-like magnetic excitations were found to soften into a quasi-static spin-density-wave ordering, evidencing the strong electronic correlations and rich magnetic properties. Based on a Heisenberg spin model, we found that the inter-layer effective magnetic superexchange interaction is much larger than the intra-layer ones, and proposed two viable magnetic structures. Our results set the foundation for further exploration of La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ superconductor.

研究动机与目标

  • 理解高温超导双层镍酸盐La₃Ni₂O₇母相在常压下的电子与磁激发行为。
  • 确定La₃Ni₂O₇低能电子结构中的轨道特征与电荷转移能。
  • 研究磁激发的本质,并确定双层体系中占主导地位的磁交换相互作用。
  • 为构建与高压下高温超导性相关的La₃Ni₂O₇最小模型奠定基础。

提出的方法

  • 在O K边与Ni L₃边进行X射线吸收谱(XAS)测量,以探测未占据电子态与轨道占据情况。
  • 开展偏振依赖的非弹性X射线散射(RIXS)测量,以表征磁激发与自旋动力学。
  • 利用入射能量依赖的RIXS谱图提取光谱特征,识别色散磁振子模式与SDW序。
  • 应用偏振分析RIXS方法,分解散射通道(ππ′、πσ′、σσ′、σπ′),以分离磁响应信号。
  • 对SDW峰强度与动量依赖性进行拟合,以提取波矢、关联长度与温度演化行为。
  • 基于实验数据构建海森堡自旋模型,分析层间与层内超交换相互作用。
Figure 1: XAS and the incident energy dependent RIXS maps in La 3 Ni 2 O 7 . a, Schematic top view of the NiO 2 plane in La 3 Ni 2 O 7 . The solid black square represents the pseudo-tetragonal unit cell with a lattice constant $a^{T}$ $\sim$ 3.833 Å, while the dashed black square represents the real
Figure 1: XAS and the incident energy dependent RIXS maps in La 3 Ni 2 O 7 . a, Schematic top view of the NiO 2 plane in La 3 Ni 2 O 7 . The solid black square represents the pseudo-tetragonal unit cell with a lattice constant $a^{T}$ $\sim$ 3.833 Å, while the dashed black square represents the real

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1常压下La₃Ni₂O₇低能电子结构中的主导轨道与电荷转移能为何?
  • RQ2La₃Ni₂O₇中的磁激发性质如何?其随温度如何演化?
  • RQ3在双层NiO₂体系中,层间或层内磁交换相互作用何者占主导地位?
  • RQ4该体系是否表现出自旋密度波(SDW)序?若存在,其波矢与温度依赖性如何?
  • RQ5所观测到的电子与磁性特性如何为该镍酸盐高温超导性的最小模型提供依据?

主要发现

  • Ni 3dₓ²⁻ᵧ²、Ni 3d_z²与O 2p轨道主导La₃Ni₂O₇的低能物理行为,电荷转移能小于2 eV。
  • 观测到清晰的光学型磁激发在约150 K以下软化为准静态自旋密度波(SDW)序。
  • SDW序的波矢约为(0.25 r.l.u.),沿(H,H)方向,半高全宽为0.0022 r.l.u.。
  • 在约150 K以上,SDW峰面积与关联长度随温度升高而减小,表明长程磁序被热效应抑制。
  • 海森堡自旋模型分析证实,层间有效磁超交换相互作用显著大于层内相互作用。
  • 基于主导的层间耦合,提出了两种可行的磁结构,表明体系强烈趋向于自旋-电荷序,并可能具有电荷密度波不稳定性。
Figure 2: Energy-momentum dependent magnon in La 3 Ni 2 O 7 . a, RIXS intensity maps along high-symmetry directions as indicated in the insets. Data were collected at 20 K using 852.4 eV, $\sigma$ -polarised X-ray at the Ni $L_{3}$ -edge. The red circles depict the peak positions of magnetic excitat
Figure 2: Energy-momentum dependent magnon in La 3 Ni 2 O 7 . a, RIXS intensity maps along high-symmetry directions as indicated in the insets. Data were collected at 20 K using 852.4 eV, $\sigma$ -polarised X-ray at the Ni $L_{3}$ -edge. The red circles depict the peak positions of magnetic excitat

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