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[论文解读] Embedded Fracture Model for Coupled Flow and Geomechanics

Igor Shovkun, Timur Garipov|arXiv (Cornell University)|Aug 18, 2020
Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis参考文献 50被引用 7
一句话总结

该论文提出了一种耦合嵌入式裂缝模型,结合了用于岩土力学的强不连续性方法(SDA)和用于流动的嵌入式离散裂缝模型(EDFM),实现了在无需匹配网格的情况下对裂缝储层中水力-力学耦合的高效模拟。该方法实现了超线性空间收敛性,并且在精度上与离散裂缝模型(DFM)相当,EDFM在粗网格上高估了滑移量,而DFM则低估了滑移量。

ABSTRACT

Fluid injection and production cause changes in reservoir pressure, which result in deformations in the subsurface. This phenomenon is particularly important in reservoirs with abundant fractures and faults because the induced slip and opening of the fractures may significantly alter their hydraulic properties. Modeling strongly coupled poro-mechanical processes in naturally fractured reservoirs is a challenging problem. The Discrete Fracture Model (DFM) is a state-of-art method for modeling coupled flow and mechanics in fractured reservoirs. This method requires constructing computational grids that comform to fractures, which is very challenging in complex 3D settings. The objective of this study is to develop a numerical method that does not require gridding near fractures and can efficiently model hydromechanical interactions in fractured reservoirs. We utilize formulations based on the Strong Discontinuity Approach (SDA) for mechanics and Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM) for flow. We first present a mathematical formulation and emphasize the kinematic aspects of fracture slip and opening. We then introduce a series of mechanical tests that investigate the spatial convergence of the model and compare its accuracy with the Discrete Fracture Model (DFM). We finally consider a synthetic coupled case of a reservoir with several fractures and compare the performance of the SDA and DFM methods. Our results indicate super-linear spatial convergence of the proposed SDA algorithm. Numerical simulations confirm the applicability of the proposed method to modeling the coupling effects in subsurface applications.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种数值方法,以避免在裂缝附近进行复杂的网格生成,从而实现对裂缝储层中流动与岩土力学耦合的建模。
  • 解决在复杂三维几何结构中对裂缝滑移和张开进行建模的挑战,而无需使用匹配的计算网格。
  • 通过与成熟的离散裂缝模型(DFM)对比,验证所提出的SDA-EDFM方法在精度和收敛性行为方面的表现。
  • 实现对天然裂缝储层中流体注入诱发裂缝活化过程的高效模拟。

提出的方法

  • 采用强不连续性方法(SDA)通过在位移场中引入嵌入式不连续面,来模拟裂缝滑移和张开。
  • 应用嵌入式离散裂缝模型(EDFM)进行流体流动模拟,实现在无需匹配网格的情况下对裂缝中流动的模拟。
  • 采用局部增强策略,为裂缝引入特定的自由度,以模拟裂缝处位移的不连续性和压力跃迁。
  • 使用返回映射算法将自由度数量减少至线弹性系统的规模,从而提高计算效率。
  • 通过塑性乘子和硬化模量对裂缝跳跃矢量和内部变量施加约束,以模拟裂缝的塑性行为。
  • 通过有效应力和裂缝跳跃的叠加,将力学模型与流动模型耦合,实现一致的水力-力学相互作用。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1SDA-EDFM耦合方法是否能在裂缝张开和滑移两种情况下,实现空间离散的超线性收敛?
  • RQ2基于EDFM的模型在裂缝滑移和张开预测方面的精度,与传统的DFM相比如何?
  • RQ3裂缝方向相对于计算网格的取向对EDFM模型收敛行为有何影响?
  • RQ4EDFM方法是否能在非匹配网格上准确捕捉裂缝介质中的不连续滑移和张开?
  • RQ5所提出的方法在模拟复杂三维水力-力学耦合过程(如流体注入诱发的裂缝活化)方面表现如何?

主要发现

  • 在匹配网格上,SDA-EDFM模型对张开和滑移裂缝均表现出超线性空间收敛性,其收敛趋势与DFM一致。
  • 在非匹配网格上,EDFM模型平均保持超线性收敛,但收敛行为随裂缝方向而异。
  • EDFM高估了裂缝滑移量,而DFM在粗网格上则低估了滑移量,表明数值近似存在权衡。
  • 在涉及裂缝活化的复杂三维流体注入情景中,耦合EDFM模型与DFM的定性结果相似。
  • 该方法即使在粗网格上也能成功捕捉裂缝内的不连续滑移和张开,尽管若未充分加密,跳跃连续性可能具有非物理性。
  • 该方法实现了在无需复杂裂缝匹配网格的情况下,对裂缝储层中水力-力学耦合的高效模拟。

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