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[论文解读] End-to-end data-driven prediction of urban airflow and pollutant dispersion

Nishant Kumar, Franck Kerhervé|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 18, 2026
Wind and Air Flow Studies被引用 0
一句话总结

本文提出一个模块化的端到端数据驱动降阶模型,利用 SPOD、自编码器、LSTM 预测和基于 CNN 的速度到标量映射,在 LES 数据上训练,可预测城市峡谷瞬时流场和长期扩散。

ABSTRACT

Climate change and the rapid growth of urban populations are intensifying environmental stresses within cities, making the behavior of urban atmospheric flows a critical factor in public health, energy use, and overall livability. This study targets to develop fast and accurate models of urban pollutant dispersion to support decision-makers, enabling them to implement mitigation measures in a timely and cost-effective manner. To reach this goal, an end-to-end data-driven approach is proposed to model and predict the airflow and pollutant dispersion in a street canyon in skimming flow regime. A series of time-resolved snapshots obtained from large eddy simulation (LES) serves as the database. The proposed framework is based on four fundamental steps. Firstly, a reduced basis is obtained by spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) of the database. The projection of the time series snapshot data onto the SPOD modes (time-domain approach) provides the temporal coefficients of the dynamics. Secondly, a nonlinear compression of the temporal coefficients is performed by autoencoder to reduce further the dimensionality of the problem. Thirdly, a reduced-order model (ROM) is learned in the latent space using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) netowrks. Finally, the pollutant dispersion is estimated from the predicted velocity field through convolutional neural network that maps both fields. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the model in predicting the instantaneous as well as statistically stationary fields over long time horizon.

研究动机与目标

  • 推动在城市增长与气候变化压力下,快速且准确预测城市空气流动与污染物扩散以支持决策。
  • 开发一个模块化端到端框架,在保留关键物理特性的同时实现实时或快速参数化研究。
  • 将光谱 POD 与非线性降维和非线性时域预测结合起来,以处理多尺度的城市流动动力学。
  • 展示在掠流式街区中同时预测瞬时流场和长期统计量的能力。

提出的方法

  • 通过对 LES 数据进行光谱正交分解(SPOD)构建降阶基,以提取光谱相关的流场结构。
  • 使用密集自编码器对 SPOD 系数进行压缩,获得紧凑的潜在表示。
  • 用 Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) 网络对潜在空间进行预测,以预测时间演变。
  • 通过卷积神经网络(CNN)将预测的速度场映射到标量场,重建流场并估算污染物浓度。
  • 将上述四个组件整合为端到端的数据驱动 ROM,能够在较长时域内重现瞬时场和统计平稳场。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1SPOD 是否能够有效分离城市峡谷流动中的相干结构,并为降阶建模提供简洁特征集?
  • RQ2自编码器在保留预测保真度的同时,是否能够将 SPOD 系数压缩到低维潜在空间?
  • RQ3基于 LSTM 的预测是否能够在长时域内准确预测潜在空间的非线性时间演化?
  • RQ4CNN 是否能够可靠地将速度场映射到污染物浓度场,以再现预测流场的扩散模式?

主要发现

  • 该框架能够同时预测城市峡谷流动的瞬时场和长时域统计场。
  • 通过 SPOD 的降维结合非线性自编码得到的紧凑潜在空间适合时间预测。
  • 潜在空间中的基于 LSTM 的预测捕捉到非线性时间动力学,并实现对速度场的高精度重构。
  • 从预测速度到浓度的CNN映射有效地再现了 ROM 的污染物扩散模式。
  • 该模块化架构在重现高保真 LES 结果的同时显著降低了计算成本。

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