Skip to main content
QUICK REVIEW

[论文解读] Energy-Efficient Low-Power Circuits for Wireless Energy and Data Transfer in IoT Sensor Nodes.

Gustavo C. Martins, Alfonso Urso|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 28, 2017
Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks参考文献 16被引用 4
一句话总结

本文提出了一种协同设计的、高能效的无线传感器节点系统,集成了射频能量采集器、低功耗发射器和优化的接收器,实现了持续运行。通过天线-电子协同设计、峰值效率达82%的电荷泵整流器,以及0.28 mW的Sub-GHz超宽带(UWB)发射器,该系统在1 µW至1 mW的输入功率范围内均实现了高能效。

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we present techniques and examples to reduce power consumption and increase energy efficiency of autonomous Wireless Sensor Nodes (WSNs) for the Internet of Things. We focus on the RF Energy Harvester (RFEH), the data receiver and the transmitter, all of which have a large impact on the device cost, lifetime and functionality. Co-design of the antenna and the electronics is explored to boost the power conversion efficiency of the RF-DC converter. As a proof of principle, a charge pump rectifier is designed, and its measurement results are presented. To boost the rectifier output voltage, a DC-DC converter that employs maximum power point tracking has been designed. A prototype circuit is also presented that can accommodate an input power level range of 1 {\mu}W to 1 mW and offers peak efficiencies of 76.3% and 82% at 1 {\mu}W and 1 mW, respectively. The co-design principle is also used at the receiver side where the antenna-electronics interface is optimized. It is shown how this technique allows improving the noise figure of the Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) without sacrificing power consumption. As a low power alternative to narrow-band wireless transmission, sub-GHz ultra-wideband is proposed. As a proof of principle, the design of a novel low-power sub-GHz Ultra-Wide-Bandwidth (UWB) transmitter which consumes only 0.28 mW is presented. Its working principle is verified by means of circuit simulations and measurements. The low power nature of the transmitter and receiver principles, combined with the power efficient RF-DC converter paves the way towards the continuous operation of a WSN.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决由于能量采集和通信电路效率低下,导致自主物联网无线传感器节点寿命有限且成本高昂的问题。
  • 在不牺牲功能或数据可靠性的情况下,降低关键组件(射频能量采集器、发射器和接收器)的功耗。
  • 通过在宽输入功率动态范围(1 µW至1 mW)内最大化能效,实现无线传感器节点的持续运行。
  • 优化天线与电子电路之间的接口,以提升能量采集和接收过程中的噪声系数与功率转换效率。

提出的方法

  • 通过天线-电子协同设计,提升射频能量采集器中射频到直流的功率转换效率。
  • 设计一种具备最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)功能的电荷泵整流器,以提高输出电压并改善不同输入功率水平下的效率。
  • 集成具备MPPT功能的DC-DC转换器,以在1 µW至1 mW的输入功率范围内保持稳定的输出电压。
  • 通过天线与低噪声放大器(LNA)的协同设计,优化LNA的噪声系数,同时保持低功耗。
  • 开发一种新型Sub-GHz超宽带(UWB)发射器,功耗仅为0.28 mW,通过电路级优化实现低功耗运行。
  • 通过电路仿真和原型组件(包括整流器和UWB发射器)的实测结果验证系统性能。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1天线-电子协同设计在多大程度上可提升物联网传感器节点中射频能量采集的能效?
  • RQ2在宽输入功率范围(1 µW至1 mW)内,电荷泵整流器的可实现效率是多少?
  • RQ3具备MPPT功能的DC-DC转换器是否能够在低功耗射频采集中保持高输出电压稳定性并最小化功率损耗?
  • RQ4接收器前端的协同设计在不增加功耗的前提下,能在多大程度上降低噪声系数?
  • RQ5在能量受限的传感器节点中,是否可行通过Sub-GHz UWB实现可靠且低功耗的数据传输?

主要发现

  • 电荷泵整流器在1 µW输入功率下实现76.3%的峰值效率,在1 mW输入功率下实现82%的峰值效率,表明其在低功耗条件下具有优异性能。
  • 集成的具备MPPT功能的DC-DC转换器可在1 µW至1 mW的输入功率范围内保持稳定的输出电压,支持在能量受限环境中的可靠运行。
  • 天线与LNA的协同设计在不增加功耗的前提下改善了噪声系数,提升了接收器的灵敏度。
  • 所提出的Sub-GHz UWB发射器功耗仅为0.28 mW,经仿真与实测验证,可实现低功耗无线数据传输。
  • 高效率射频-直流转换、低功耗传输与优化的接收器设计相结合,实现了自主无线传感器节点的持续运行。

更好的研究,从现在开始

从阅读论文到最终审阅,大幅缩短您的研究时间。

无需绑定信用卡

本解读由 AI 生成,并经人工编辑审核。