[论文解读] Energy-Efficient M-QAM Precoder Design with Spatial Peak Power Minimization for MIMO Directional Modulation Transceivers.
本文提出了一种针对MIMO波束成形定向调制收发器的节能M-QAM预编码器设计,通过最小化传输功率和峰峰功率,同时保持较低的符号误码率。通过使用针对M=16,32调制方式的解析推导出的扩展和松弛检测区域,该方法将问题建模为凸优化问题,并通过内点路径跟踪算法求解,在广泛的信噪比(SNR)范围内相比基准方案实现了显著的功率和峰峰功率降低。
Spectrally efficient multi-antenna wireless communication systems are a key challenge as service demands continue to increase. At the same time, powering up radio access networks is facing environmental and regulation limitations. In order to achieve more power efficiency, we design a directional modulation precoder by considering an $M$-QAM constellation, particularly with $M=4,8,16,32$. First, extended detection regions are defined for desired constellations using analytical geometry. Then, constellation points are placed in the optimal positions of these regions while the minimum Euclidean distance to adjacent constellation points and detection region boundaries is kept as in the conventional $M$-QAM modulation. For further power efficiency and symbol error rate similar to that of fixed design in high SNR, relaxed detection regions are modeled for inner points of $M=16,32$ constellations. The modeled extended and relaxed detection regions as well as the modulation characteristics are utilized to formulate symbol-level precoder design problems for directional modulation to minimize the transmission power while preserving the minimum required SNR at the destination. In addition, the extended and relaxed detection regions are used for precoder design to minimize the output of each power amplifier. We transform the design problems into convex ones and devise an interior point path-following iterative algorithm to solve the mentioned problems and provide details on finding the initial values of the parameters and the starting point. Results show that compared to the benchmark schemes, the proposed method performs better in terms of power and peak power reduction as well as symbol error rate reduction for a wide range of SNRs.
研究动机与目标
- 为应对在功率与法规限制下,对频谱效率与能量效率更高的多天线无线系统日益增长的需求。
- 在MIMO波束成形定向调制系统中,通过M-QAM调制最小化功率放大器的传输功率与峰峰功率。
- 在高信噪比下保持与传统M-QAM相近的符号误码率性能,同时提升能量效率。
- 设计一种预编码器,以保持最小欧几里得距离与检测区域边界,确保可靠信号检测。
- 将预编码器设计建模为凸优化问题,通过迭代算法实现高效且可靠的求解。
提出的方法
- 利用解析几何方法定义M-QAM调制方式的扩展检测区域,以优化星座点的布局。
- 针对16-QAM与32-QAM星座图的内点建立松弛检测区域模型,以提升功率效率而不降低误码性能。
- 通过在最优区域内定位星座点,保持与相邻点的最小欧几里得距离及与区域边界的距离。
- 将符号级预编码器设计问题转化为凸优化问题,以最小化总传输功率与各功率放大器的输出功率。
- 开发一种内点路径跟踪迭代算法,通过精心选择的初始参数值确保收敛性。
- 将调制特性与检测区域模型整合到预编码器设计中,以保证系统鲁棒性与性能。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1如何通过解析方法扩展并松弛检测区域,以提升基于M-QAM的MIMO波束成形定向调制系统的能量效率?
- RQ2在高信噪比下,当符号误码率与传统M-QAM相当的情况下,传输功率与峰峰功率最多可降低多少?
- RQ3凸优化能否有效应用于在空间峰峰功率与频谱效率约束下的符号级预编码器设计?
- RQ4扩展与松弛的检测区域对定向调制系统中M-QAM预编码器的性能有何影响?
- RQ5在所提出的框架中,内点算法的最优初始化策略是什么,以确保快速且稳定的收敛?
主要发现
- 所提方法在广泛的SNR范围内相比基准方案实现了显著的传输功率降低。
- 由于预编码器设计中采用了扩展与松弛的检测区域,各功率放大器的峰峰功率显著降低。
- 在高信噪比下,符号误码率性能与传统M-QAM设计相当,验证了其鲁棒性与可靠性。
- 凸优化建模使得可通过内点路径跟踪算法高效求解,并保证收敛性。
- 该方法在能量效率与峰峰功率控制方面均表现出优越性能,尤其在16-和32-QAM调制方式下。
- 通过解析几何方法定义检测区域,实现了星座点的精确与最优定位,从而增强了系统鲁棒性。
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