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[论文解读] Entangling extreme ultraviolet photons through strong field pair generation

Jamison Sloan, Alexey Gorlach|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 28, 2023
Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications被引用 6
一句话总结

本文提出强场对生成(SFPG),一种非微扰的非线性光学过程,其中强红外激光场驱动稀有气体在电子重新结合过程中通过量子真空涨落发射纠缠的极紫外(XUV)光子对。该方法每发脉冲可产生数千对纠缠光子,覆盖宽广的XUV带宽,且与背景高次谐波生成(HHG)在空间和光谱上分离,实现4–5个数量级的背景抑制,从而实现阿秒Hong-Ou-Mandel相关性。

ABSTRACT

Entangled photon pairs are a vital resource for quantum information, computation, and metrology. Although these states are routinely generated at optical frequencies, sources of quantum of light are notably lacking at extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and soft X-ray frequencies. Here, we show that strongly driven systems used for high harmonic generation (HHG) can become versatile sources of entangled photon pairs at these high frequencies. We present a general theory of photon pair emission from non-perturbatively driven systems, which we refer to as "strong field pair generation" (SFPG). We show that strongly driven noble gases can generate thousands of entangled pairs per shot over a large XUV bandwidth. The emitted pairs have distinctive properties in angle and frequency, which can be exploited to discriminate them from the background HHG signal. We connect SFPG theory to the three-step-model of HHG, showing that this pair emission originates from the impact of high frequency vacuum fluctuations on electron recombination. The light produced by SFPG exhibits attosecond Hong-Ou-Mandel correlations, and can be leveraged as a source of heralded single photon attosecond pulses. Our findings aid ongoing efforts to propel quantum optics into the XUV and beyond.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种紧凑的、非微扰的极紫外(XUV)和软X射线波段纠缠光子源,因为目前此类光源稀缺。
  • 解决高频段,特别是对生物成像至关重要的XUV和“水窗”区域缺乏量子光源的问题。
  • 利用现有的高次谐波生成(HHG)平台生成纠缠对,而无需预先存在的高频光源。
  • 通过XUV纠缠光子对推动量子计量学、成像和阿秒科学的新应用。
  • 建立强场对生成(SFPG)的理论框架,将其与HHG的三步模型及量子真空效应联系起来。

提出的方法

  • 发展了一般性的量子场论,用于描述强驱动系统中非微扰的光子对发射,称为强场对生成(SFPG)。
  • 将该过程建模为将q个泵浦光子(频率为ω₀)转换为一对频率分别为ω和ω′的纠缠光子,满足ω + ω′ = qω₀。
  • 将该理论应用于由强红外激光驱动的稀有气体,表明在强场条件下电子重新结合会通过真空涨落导致纠缠XUV光子对发射。
  • 利用HHG的三步模型,识别SFPG起源于重新结合阶段,其中真空涨落诱导了电子的关联动力学。
  • 预测SFPG光子对以宽角圆锥形发射(数十至数百毫弧度),从而在空间上与窄束前向HHG信号分离。
  • 证明SFPG可产生非谐频,并能生成偶数和奇数谐波对,从而实现与传统HHG的光谱区分。
Figure 1: Concept of strong field pair generation (SFPG). (a) A strong infrared laser pulse of frequency $\omega_{0}$ is incident on a sample. When SFPG takes place, entangled photon pairs of frequencies $\omega$ and $\omega^{\prime}$ are produced at angles away from the incident axis. (b) Feynman d
Figure 1: Concept of strong field pair generation (SFPG). (a) A strong infrared laser pulse of frequency $\omega_{0}$ is incident on a sample. When SFPG takes place, entangled photon pairs of frequencies $\omega$ and $\omega^{\prime}$ are produced at angles away from the incident axis. (b) Feynman d

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1能否仅通过强场驱动而不依赖预先存在的高频光源,在极紫外(XUV)波段生成纠缠光子对?
  • RQ2在发射角和光谱分布方面,强场对生成(SFPG)与传统高次谐波生成(HHG)有何不同?
  • RQ3SFPG的量子起源是什么?它与三步模型中电子重新结合期间的真空涨落有何关联?
  • RQ4SFPG能否通过工程设计实现相对于HHG的显著背景抑制,从而实现纠缠对的实验探测?
  • RQ5SFPG对生成后脉冲触发的单光子阿秒脉冲以及光学与XUV频率之间的量子接口具有何种意义?

主要发现

  • 强场对生成(SFPG)使用稀有气体靶材,在极紫外(XUV)波段每激光脉冲可产生多达数千对纠缠光子。
  • SFPG光子对以宽角圆锥形发射(数十至数百毫弧度),实现了与窄束前向HHG背景的空间分离。
  • 通过最优匹配,该方法可实现高达4–5个数量级的HHG背景抑制,从而实现纠缠对的清晰探测。
  • SFPG可产生非简并光子对,其频率不在标准HHG中出现,包括偶数和奇数谐波以及非谐频。
  • 发射的XUV光子表现出阿秒Hong-Ou-Mandel相关性,证实了其量子特性,并可作为后脉冲触发的单光子阿秒脉冲使用。
  • 该理论将SFPG与HHG的三步模型联系起来,将电子重新结合期间的真空涨落识别为纠缠光子对发射的量子起源。
Figure 2: Strong field pair generation from single atoms. (a) HHG spectrum for a 1D model of Neon driven by $800$ nm radiation with intensity $I=200$ TW/cm 2 . The system exhibits a plateau over many harmonics, before reaching a cutoff at $q_{c}\approx 39$ . (b) Differential emission probability of
Figure 2: Strong field pair generation from single atoms. (a) HHG spectrum for a 1D model of Neon driven by $800$ nm radiation with intensity $I=200$ TW/cm 2 . The system exhibits a plateau over many harmonics, before reaching a cutoff at $q_{c}\approx 39$ . (b) Differential emission probability of

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