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[论文解读] Estimating measures of information processing during cognitive tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging

Chetan Gohil, Oliver M. Cliff|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 3, 2026
Functional Brain Connectivity Studies被引用 0
一句话总结

论文提出一个框架,利用主动信息存储(AIS)、传递熵(TE)和净协同量来量化任务性 fMRI 的信息处理,结合静息态数据作为参考进行跨互信息对比。应用于 HCP N-back 任务(470 名受试者),揭示模块级重组并与表现相关。

ABSTRACT

Cognition is increasingly framed in terms of information processing, yet most fMRI analyses focus on activation or functional connectivity rather than quantifying how information is stored and transferred. To remedy this problem, we propose a framework for estimating measures of information processing: active information storage (AIS), transfer entropy (TE), and net synergy from task-based fMRI. AIS measures information maintained within a region, TE captures directed information flow, and net synergy contrasts higher-order synergistic to redundant interactions. Crucially, to enable this framework we utilised a recently developed approach for calculating information-theoretic measures: the cross mutual information. This approach combines resting-state and task data to address the challenges of limited sample size, non-stationarity and context in task-based fMRI. We applied this framework to the working memory (N-back) task from the Human Connectome Project (470 participants). Results show that AIS increases in fronto-parietal regions with working memory load, TE reveals enhanced directed information flows across control pathways, and net synergy indicates a global shift to redundancy. This work establishes a novel methodology for quantifying information processing in task-based fMRI.

研究动机与目标

  • 激发对认知中信息存储和传输的定量表征,超越激活与功能连接的限制。
  • 引入 AIS、TE 与净协同作为对 fMRI 信号信息处理的互补度量。
  • develop and 应用 使用静息态数据作为参考来处理非平稳性和短时任务记录的跨互信息方法。
  • 在 Human Connectome Project 的 N-back 工作记忆任务上展示该方法,以揭示模块级信息动态。

提出的方法

  • 对每个 ROI 和边缘计算局部(瞬时)AIS、TE 和净协同。
  • 使用与静息态数据的跨互信息作为参考分布来从任务数据估计信息理论量。
  • 在估计信息量之前对 HRF 进行反卷积以缓解时间模糊。
  • 将大脑分成 333 个 ROI,并在 Yeo 功能模块层级聚合结果。
  • 进行第一层 GLM 以获得条件特异性度量和两个任务对比(2-back vs rest,2-back vs 0-back)。
  • 通过非参数置换检验并采用最大 t 统计量校正来评估统计显著性。
Figure 1: Calculation of condition-specific measures . A) The time series for some local (instantaneous) measure i. Examples include the BOLD signal, local AIS (for a region), and local MI (for an edge). B) Visualisation of the task design matrix where the blue line indicates the time points corresp
Figure 1: Calculation of condition-specific measures . A) The time series for some local (instantaneous) measure i. Examples include the BOLD signal, local AIS (for a region), and local MI (for an edge). B) Visualisation of the task design matrix where the blue line indicates the time points corresp

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1随着工作记忆负荷的增加(2-back 相对于 rest,以及 2-back 相对于 0-back),AIS、TE 和净协同量如何变化?
  • RQ2在 N-back 任务中信息处理量是否在功能模块尺度上重新组织?
  • RQ3AIS、TE 或净协同的变化是否与个体的 2-back 准确性相关?
  • RQ4通过跨互信息使用静息态作为参考是否能提高对任务相关信息动态的检测?

主要发现

  • AIS 全局性随工作记忆负荷增加而提高,视觉模块中增幅最大。
  • TE 在大多数模块呈现广泛下降,但在 VIS A、DAN A 和 CON B 中上升,表明跨模块信息流的选择性变化。
  • 净协同在大多数模块趋向冗余化,VIS B、CON A、DMN A 显示局部的协同增强。
  • 在 2-back vs 0-back 中,AIS 在额前-顶叶区域增加,TE 在各模块上升,提示在工作记忆需求下的信息传输是分布式的。
  • 前额叶区域的 AIS 更强、并向冗余方向的转变能预测更高的 2-back 准确性。
  • 跨 MI(以静息态为参考)为任务诱导的依赖性提供了相较于传统 MI 的情境化洞见。
  • 方法学贡献包括 HRF 反卷积和用于短时、非平稳任务数据的跨 MI 框架。
Figure 2: Conventional measures for studying task fMRI data . For the 2-back vs rest condition (left) and 2-back vs 0-back condition (right): A) Change in mean activity, averaging over subjects. B) Change in conditional MI, averaged over subjects. This was calculated for using a conventional approac
Figure 2: Conventional measures for studying task fMRI data . For the 2-back vs rest condition (left) and 2-back vs 0-back condition (right): A) Change in mean activity, averaging over subjects. B) Change in conditional MI, averaged over subjects. This was calculated for using a conventional approac

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