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[论文解读] Estimating the Future Need of Balancing Power Based on Long-Term Power System Market Simulations

Henrik Nordström, Lennart Söder|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 11, 2022
Electric Power System Optimization被引用 8
一句话总结

本文提出了一种高分辨率的交易时段(TP)仿真模型,用于估算高比例可再生能源(vRES)渗透的电力系统中未来平衡调节功率的需求。通过改进常用于市场建模的长期TP能量仿真方法,该方法捕捉了实时功率不平衡情况,揭示了更快的爬坡速率会增加平衡需求,而使用输电可靠性裕度(TRM)则显著降低了2045年瑞典情景下的所需平衡功率。

ABSTRACT

With increasing penetration of variable renewable energy sources (vRES) and a higher rate of electrification in the society, there will be future challenges in maintaining a continuous balance between electricity supply and demand. To investigate the possibility of different technologies to provide balancing services, to dimension future balancing services and design technical requirements for future balancing services, the future need of balancing power must first be known. Future power systems are often analysed by performing simulations capturing the energy produced, consumed or transmitted for different power system components with resolution of one trading period (TP), here called TP energy simulations. However, these simulations do not fully capture the continuous intra-TP power balance that must be kept at every time instance. In this paper, we propose a model to perform high-resolution intra-TP simulations to estimate the need of balancing power based on TP energy simulations. The model is applied to the Swedish system operator (SO) Svenska kraftnät's TP energy simulations of a scenario with high vRES penetration and a highly electrified society in year 2045. The results show that a considerable need of balancing power will occur frequently, where faster ramping of components tend to increase the need of balancing power while assuming that the transmission reliability margin (TRM) is used to net imbalances clearly decreases the need of balancing power.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决现有长期市场仿真中未能捕捉交易时段内功率不平衡的问题。
  • 量化在高vRES和电气化情景下未来对平衡功率的需求。
  • 评估不同系统组件和运行裕度对平衡需求的影响。
  • 支持系统规划及未来平衡服务的技术设计。

提出的方法

  • 通过引入高分辨率的交易时段内时间步长,扩展标准的TP能量仿真,以模拟实时功率平衡。
  • 使用动态模型模拟由预测误差以及vRES和负荷波动引起的功率不平衡。
  • 引入输电可靠性裕度(TRM)以抵消不平衡,从而降低对平衡服务的需求。
  • 将该模型应用于2045年瑞典高vRES和电气化情景的长期情景。
  • 模拟组件爬坡行为,评估其对不平衡生成的影响。
  • 通过系统运营商数据和市场仿真输出验证结果。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在高vRES和电气化情景下,未来电力系统中交易时段内的功率不平衡如何变化?
  • RQ2快速爬坡组件对平衡功率需求有何影响?
  • RQ3输电可靠性裕度(TRM)在多大程度上可减少所需平衡功率?
  • RQ4标准TP能量仿真与高分辨率交易时段内仿真相比,在估算平衡需求方面有何差异?
  • RQ5这对未来平衡服务的系统规划和技术需求有何影响?

主要发现

  • 即使在高vRES渗透率下,2045年瑞典情景中仍预测存在显著且频繁的平衡功率需求。
  • 电力系统组件的快速爬坡会增加不平衡的幅度和频率,从而提高对平衡服务的需求。
  • 使用输电可靠性裕度(TRM)对不平衡进行抵消,可明显且显著地减少所需平衡功率。
  • 由于标准TP能量仿真无法解析交易时段内的动态变化,因此其会低估真实的平衡需求。
  • 所提出的交易时段内仿真模型相较于传统方法,能更准确、更详细地估算平衡功率需求。

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