[论文解读] Evaluating Performance of Machine Learning Models for Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy Severity Classification using Biomechanical Signals during Gait
本研究提出了一种机器学习框架,利用步态中的生物力学信号对糖尿病性传感器运动性多发性神经病变(DSPN)严重程度进行分类,结合了胫前肌、股外侧肌和腓肠肌内侧头的肌电图(EMG)信号以及三维地面反作用力(GRF)。通过特征选择和集成建模,基于GRF的分类准确率达到94.78%,基于EMG的分类准确率达到92.89%,且使用了优化后的特征集。
Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) is one of the prevalent forms of neuropathy affected by diabetic patients that involves alterations in biomechanical changes in human gait. In literature, for the last 50 years, researchers are trying to observe the biomechanical changes due to DSPN by studying muscle electromyography (EMG), and ground reaction forces (GRF). However, the literature is contradictory. In such a scenario, we are proposing to use Machine learning techniques to identify DSPN patients by using EMG, and GRF data. We have collected a dataset consists of three lower limb muscles EMG (tibialis anterior (TA), vastus lateralis (VL), gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and 3-dimensional GRF components (GRFx, GRFy, and GRFz). Raw EMG and GRF signals were preprocessed, and a newly proposed feature extraction technique scheme from literature was applied to extract the best features from the signals. The extracted feature list was ranked using Relief feature ranking techniques, and highly correlated features were removed. We have trained different ML models to find out the best-performing model and optimized that model. We trained the optimized ML models for different combinations of muscles and GRF components features, and the performance matrix was evaluated. This study has found ensemble classifier model was performing in identifying DSPN Severity, and we optimized it before training. For EMG analysis, we have found the best accuracy of 92.89% using the Top 14 features for features from GL, VL and TA muscles combined. In the GRF analysis, the model showed 94.78% accuracy by using the Top 15 features for the feature combinations extracted from GRFx, GRFy and GRFz signals. The performance of ML-based DSPN severity classification models, improved significantly, indicating their reliability in DSPN severity classification, for biomechanical data.
研究动机与目标
- 开发一种基于机器学习的可靠分类系统,利用与步态相关的生物力学信号对糖尿病性传感器运动性多发性神经病变(DSPN)严重程度进行分类。
- 通过数据驱动建模方法,解决先前文献中关于DSPN相关生物力学改变的矛盾发现。
- 评估并优化多种机器学习模型在从EMG和GRF信号中分类DSPN严重程度方面的性能。
- 使用一种新颖的特征提取与排序方法,从EMG和GRF数据中识别最具信息量的特征。
- 比较不同肌肉与GRF分量特征组合下的模型性能,以实现最优分类准确率。
提出的方法
- 在步态过程中,从三个下肢肌肉(TA、VL、GM)和三个GRF分量(GRFx、GRFy、GRFz)中采集原始EMG和GRF信号。
- 采用标准技术对信号进行预处理,以减少噪声和伪影,再进行特征提取。
- 应用文献中提出的新特征提取方案,从信号中提取有意义的时间域与频域特征。
- 使用Relief特征排序算法识别并优先排列最相关的特征,同时去除高度相关的特征。
- 训练并比较多种机器学习模型,包括集成分类器,以识别性能最佳的模型。
- 通过超参数调优优化性能最佳的模型,并在不同特征组合下评估其性能。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在步态过程中,使用EMG和GRF信号对DSPN严重程度进行分类时,哪种机器学习模型表现最佳?
- RQ2从EMG和GRF信号中提取的最优特征集是什么,能够使分类准确率达到最高?
- RQ3当使用不同肌肉与GRF分量特征组合时,模型的性能如何变化?
- RQ4特征选择技术是否能显著提升DSPN严重程度分类模型的准确率?
- RQ5在使用优化模型与特征集的情况下,EMG和GRF数据可实现的最高分类准确率是多少?
主要发现
- 集成分类器模型在所有测试模型中对DSPN严重程度的分类性能最高。
- 对于EMG信号,使用来自TA、VL和GM肌肉数据的前14个特征,实现了92.89%的最佳准确率。
- 对于GRF信号,使用GRFx、GRFy和GRFz分量的前15个特征,模型准确率达到94.78%。
- 通过Relief算法进行特征选择,显著提升了模型性能,有效消除了冗余和无关特征。
- 优化后的集成模型在不同特征组合下均表现出高度的可靠性与鲁棒性,能够有效分类DSPN严重程度。
- 本研究证实,基于生物力学步态信号训练的机器学习模型能够以高准确率有效分类DSPN严重程度。
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