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[论文解读] Evaluation of the Driving Performance and User Acceptance of a Predictive Eco-Driving Assistance System for Electric Vehicles

Sai Krishna Chada, Daniel Görges|arXiv (Cornell University)|Aug 24, 2022
Vehicle emissions and performance参考文献 59被引用 4
一句话总结

本文提出了一种用于电池电动车辆(BEVs)的预测性节能驾驶辅助系统(pEDAS),该系统采用模型预测控制(MPC)和实时交通数据,优化行驶速度,将能耗最多降低10%,同时提升安全性和舒适性。41名参与者的用户研究显示,系统接受度高,感知有用性和行为控制感是影响采纳意愿的关键因素。

ABSTRACT

In this work, a predictive eco-driving assistance system (pEDAS) with the goal to assist drivers in improving their driving style and thereby reducing the energy consumption in battery electric vehicles while enhancing the driving safety and comfort is introduced and evaluated. pEDAS in this work is equipped with two model predictive controllers (MPCs), namely reference-tracking MPC and car-following MPC, that use the information from onboard sensors, signal phase and timing (SPaT) messages from traffic light infrastructure, and geographical information of the driving route to compute an energy-optimal driving speed. An optimal speed suggestion and informative advice are indicated to the driver using a visual feedback. pEDAS provides continuous feedback and encourages the drivers to perform energy-efficient car-following while tracking a preceding vehicle, travel at safe speeds at turns and curved roads, drive at energy-optimal speed determined using dynamic programming in freeway scenarios, and travel with a green-wave optimal speed to cross the signalized intersections at a green phase whenever possible. Furthermore, to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed pEDAS, user studies were conducted with 41 participants on a dynamic driving simulator. The objective analysis revealed that the drivers achieved mean energy savings up to 10%, reduced the speed limit violations, and avoided unnecessary stops at signalized intersections by using pEDAS. Finally, the user acceptance of the proposed pEDAS was evaluated using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The results showed an overall positive attitude of users and that the perceived usefulness and perceived behavioral control were found to be the significant factors in influencing the behavioral intention to use pEDAS.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种预测性节能驾驶辅助系统(pEDAS),以提升电池电动车辆(BEVs)的能效、安全性和舒适性。
  • 在受控的动态驾驶模拟器环境中,评估pEDAS在驾驶性能提升和用户接受度方面的表现。
  • 评估pEDAS对能耗、限速遵守情况以及交叉路口停车行为的影响。
  • 基于技术接受模型(TAM)和计划行为理论(TPB)探究用户接受度。

提出的方法

  • pEDAS采用两个模型预测控制器(MPC):用于跟踪前车的参考轨迹MPC,以及用于实现安全且节能车距的跟车MPC。
  • 系统整合来自车载传感器、信号相位与配时(SPaT)消息以及地理路线信息的实时数据,以计算能耗最优速度。
  • 最优速度通过动态规划方法用于高速公路场景,通过绿波协调方法用于信号控制交叉路口。
  • 抬头显示器(HUD)提供视觉反馈,显示速度建议;语音警报则用于提示不安全的跟车情况。
  • 在受控驾驶场景下,使用动态驾驶模拟器对41名参与者进行了用户研究。
  • 采用TAM和TPB评估用户接受度,调查项目包括感知有用性、易用性、态度、主观规范和行为控制感。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1与基线驾驶相比,pEDAS在BEVs中能将能耗降低多少?
  • RQ2pEDAS如何影响驾驶员行为,特别是在限速遵守和交叉路口不必要的停车方面?
  • RQ3pEDAS对驾驶安全与舒适性有何影响,特别是在跟车和弯道路段场景中?
  • RQ4根据TAM和TPB,哪些因素最强烈地影响驾驶员采纳pEDAS的行为意向?

主要发现

  • 与无辅助的基线驾驶相比,使用pEDAS的驾驶员平均能耗降低最高达10%。
  • pEDAS显著减少了超速违规行为,并通过绿波协调技术完全消除了在信号控制交叉路口的非必要停车。
  • 技术接受模型(TAM)显示,感知有用性和感知行为控制是预测使用pEDAS行为意向的最强因素。
  • 用户反馈表明,视觉建议总体上受到欢迎,但在复杂交通场景中部分用户报告建议存在模糊性。
  • 该系统在动态交通条件下表现出有效的实时适应能力,包括信号配时和路线地形变化。
  • 结果表明,pEDAS被视作一种有价值且不分散注意力的工具,可同时提升BEV驾驶的效率与安全性。

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