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[论文解读] Evidence of the Solar EUV hot channel as a magnetic flux rope from remote-sensing and in-situ observations

Song, Hongqiang, Chen, Yao|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 30, 2015
Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics被引用 37
一句话总结

本研究通过将爆发前的日冕热通道(HC)与其在ACE探测器中检测到的行星际对应物——磁云(MC)相联系,提供了强有力的观测证据,证明日冕低层的太阳极紫外(EUV)热通道是磁通量绳(MFR)。利用多点远距离观测(SDO/AIA、STEREO/EUVI、COR)与原位观测(ACE),作者发现MC呈现出中心低电离态、外层高电离态的结构,与爆发前HC的高温结构及其通过磁重连增长的特征一致,从而证实HC即为MFR。

ABSTRACT

Hot channels (HCs), high temperature erupting structures in the lower corona of the Sun, have been proposed as a proxy of magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) since their initial discovery. However, it is difficult to make definitive proof given the fact that there is no direct measurement of magnetic field in the corona. An alternative way is to use the magnetic field measurement in the solar wind from in-situ instruments. On 2012 July 12, an HC was observed prior to and during a coronal mass ejection (CME) by the AIA high-temperature images. The HC is invisible in the EUVI low-temperature images, which only show the cooler leading front (LF). However, both the LF and an ejecta can be observed in the coronagraphic images. These are consistent with the high temperature and high density of the HC and support that the ejecta is the erupted HC. In the meanwhile, the associated CME shock was identified ahead of the ejecta and the sheath through the COR2 images, and the corresponding ICME was detected by extit{ACE}, showing the shock, sheath and magnetic cloud (MC) sequentially, which agrees with the coronagraphic observations. Further, the MC contained a low-ionization-state center and a high-ionization-state shell, consistent with the pre-existing HC observation and its growth through magnetic reconnection. All of these observations support that the MC detected near the Earth is the counterpart of the erupted HC in the corona for this event. Therefore, our study provides strong observational evidence of the HC as an MFR.

研究动机与目标

  • 鉴于缺乏直接的日冕磁场测量,旨在建立日冕低层热通道(HC)为磁通量绳(MFR)的观测证据。
  • 通过识别行星际介质中爆发HC的对应物,研究其在行星际空间的演化过程。
  • 利用多仪器观测,确定ACE探测到的磁云(MC)是否对应于日冕中爆发的HC。
  • 分析MC中铁的电离态,以推断其热历史,并确认HC-MFR的关联性。

提出的方法

  • 利用SDO/AIA(131 Å、171 Å)的高时间分辨率EUV图像识别爆发前的热通道(HC)及其热演化过程。
  • 结合STEREO/A和B(EUVI和COR)的远距离观测,追踪HC的爆发及其伴随的CME从太阳到15 R⊙的运动。
  • 分析ACE(MAG、SWEPAM、SWICS)的原位数据,识别行星际介质中激波、层区和磁云(MC)的结构。
  • 采用差分发射度(DEM)建模估算HC的初始温度(约5 MK),并追踪其热演化过程。
  • 检查MC中铁的离子电荷态,以推断温度分层结构,发现中心为低电离态(Fe ~10.5+),外层为高电离态(超过+12)。
  • 将HC的空间和时间演化与COR2图像中观测到的CME激波和层区结构相关联,确认ICME的起源。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在缺乏直接日冕磁场测量的情况下,日冕低层的热通道(HC)是否为磁通量绳(MFR)?
  • RQ2在ACE探测到的行星际磁云(MC)是否对应于日冕中观测到的爆发HC?
  • RQ3MC的热和电离态结构能否由爆发前HC的特性及其磁重连驱动的加热过程解释?
  • RQ4哪些证据支持MC中低电离态中心起源于先前存在的HC?
  • RQ5HC演化为MC的过程如何支持HC的MFR本质?

主要发现

  • 在爆发前,热通道(HC)在AIA 131 Å图像中被观测到,其温度约为5 MK,表明日冕低层存在高温结构。
  • HC在较冷的EUVI 171 Å图像中不可见,而该图像显示了位于喷出物前方的较冷前导前沿(LF),与HC的高温和高密度特征一致。
  • 日冕仪(COR)图像同时显示了LF和喷出物,证实喷出物即为爆发的HC,且与CME激波和层区相关联。
  • 在ACE探测到的ICME中,磁云(MC)表现出中心低电离态(Fe ~10.5+)和外层高电离态(超过+12)的结构,与爆发前HC的热结构相匹配。
  • MC中观测到的电离态分布支持如下情景:先前存在的HC通过磁重连增长,如同“洋葱”般逐层添加高温等离子体,最终演化为MC。
  • 在ICME前方未见共转相互作用区(CIR),使得等离子体可自由膨胀和冷却,从而形成清晰的MC结构,进一步证实了HC-MFR的关联性。

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