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[论文解读] Expanding associations in the Vela-Puppis region: 3D structure and kinematics of the young population

T. Cantat-Gaudin, C. Jordi|Keele Research Repository (Keele University)|Dec 19, 2018
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies参考文献 87被引用 32
一句话总结

本研究利用盖亚DR2的天体测量和光度数据,在船尾座-船帆座区域识别出七个运动学上独立、正在膨胀的年轻星族,年龄范围为8至50 Myr。非各向同性的膨胀特征以及年龄的亚结构表明,该区域在湍流分子云中经历了长期的恒星形成,外部触发机制(如超新星)可能在气体内部喷射之外进一步塑造了该区域的动力学特征。

ABSTRACT

The Vela-Puppis region is known to host the Vela OB2 association as well as several young clusters featuring OB and pre-main sequence stars. Several spatial and kinematic subgroups have been identified in the recent years. By grouping stars based on their positions and velocity we can address the quetion of the dynamical history of the region and the mechanisms that drove stellar formation. The Gaia DR2 astrometry and photometry enables us to characterise the 3D spatial and 3D kinematic distribution of young stars and to estimate the ages of the identified components. We use an unsupervised classification method to group stars based on their proper motions and parallax. We perform a study of the expansion rates of the different identified groups from 3D velocities, and from corrected tangential velocities. We make use of theoretical isochrones to estimate ages. The young stars can be separated into seven main groups of different ages and kinematical distribution. All groups are found to be expanding, although the expansion is mostly not isotropic. The size of the region, the age substructure, and the anistropic expansion rates are compatible with a prolonged period of star formation in a turbulent molecular cloud, and that the dispersion of the stars cannot be explained by gas expulsion alone.

研究动机与目标

  • 利用高精度盖亚DR2数据,表征船尾座-船帆座区域年轻恒星的三维空间与运动学结构。
  • 通过与理论等龄线对比,识别出不同的运动学星族并确定其年龄。
  • 研究该区域的动力学历史,评估是内部过程还是外部触发(如超新星)导致了观测到的膨胀。
  • 解析年轻星团的空间与运动学亚结构,特别是与NGC 2547和南十字座-船帆座星团的关系。
  • 检验当前运动学特征是否可仅由内部机制解释,或是否需要外部影响。

提出的方法

  • 应用无监督分类算法,根据盖亚DR2提供的三维位置、自行和视差对恒星进行分组。
  • 计算三维速度,并校正切向速度以评估银道面X和Z方向的膨胀速率。
  • 利用理论等龄线估算所识别运动学星族的年龄。
  • 在250–550 pc的距离范围内,对600平方度的区域进行空间与运动学亚结构分析。
  • 评估非各向同性膨胀的显著性,以推断外部力在塑造该区域中的作用。
  • 使用开源工具(包括Astropy、scikit-learn和Matplotlib)进行数据处理与可视化。
Figure 1: Left: Composite of an IRIS 60 $\mu$ m image (Miville-Deschênes & Lagache 2005 ) and DSS optical image of the investigated region. Right: Distribution of PMS stars projected on the Galactic plane from Zari et al. ( 2018 ) . The radii of the concentric circles centred on the Sun increase fro
Figure 1: Left: Composite of an IRIS 60 $\mu$ m image (Miville-Deschênes & Lagache 2005 ) and DSS optical image of the investigated region. Right: Distribution of PMS stars projected on the Galactic plane from Zari et al. ( 2018 ) . The radii of the concentric circles centred on the Sun increase fro

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1船尾座-船帆座区域年轻恒星的三维空间与运动学分布特征是什么?
  • RQ2所识别星族的年龄与膨胀速率如何与它们的空间与运动学亚结构相关联?
  • RQ3观测到的膨胀是否可由内部过程(如气体喷射)解释,还是需要外部触发机制?
  • RQ4该区域是否存在长期恒星形成历史的证据?其在年龄与速度分布中如何体现?
  • RQ5运动学星族与已知星团(如NGC 2547和南十字座-船帆座星团)之间有何关联?

主要发现

  • 识别出七个主要的运动学星族,年龄范围约为8 Myr至50 Myr。
  • 所有识别出的星族在银道面X和Z方向均表现出明显的膨胀迹象,表明其动力学演化仍在进行中。
  • 大多数星族的膨胀呈现各向异性,表明存在超越内部气体喷射的其他作用力。
  • 未发现空间位置与年龄之间存在显著相关性,但观测到银道面b方向速度(vb)与年龄之间存在相关性,表明恒星形成历史并非单调。
  • 数百秒差距范围内的空间与运动学亚结构支持在湍流分子云中经历了长期恒星形成的场景。
  • 重叠且延伸的星族存在,以及第七星族位于IRAS船尾壳层内部的位置,表明其起源更可能为“聚集与坍缩”或超新星触发机制,而非“包围与挤压”机制。
Figure 2: Photometric selection of young stars. The reference stars are the members of the young clusters Trumpler 10, NGC 2451B, NGC 2547, Collinder 135, Collinder 140, and the Gamma Velorum cluster (Pozzo 1). The dashed line corresponds to the zero-age main sequence for a PARSEC isochrone of metal
Figure 2: Photometric selection of young stars. The reference stars are the members of the young clusters Trumpler 10, NGC 2451B, NGC 2547, Collinder 135, Collinder 140, and the Gamma Velorum cluster (Pozzo 1). The dashed line corresponds to the zero-age main sequence for a PARSEC isochrone of metal

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