[论文解读] Exploiting Free-Surface Ghosts as Mirror Observations in Marine Seismic Data

Hitoshi Mikada|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 8, 2026

Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques被引用 0

一句话总结

该论文将海洋地震数据中的自由面鬼效应重新表述为相干镜像观测，并使用处理流程来对齐并叠加主波与鬼波场，从而在不进行鬼反演的情况下提高信号质量。

ABSTRACT

Free-surface ghosts in marine seismic data are traditionally treated as artifacts that degrade bandwidth and temporal resolution and are mitigated through acquisition design or inverse filtering. This study proposes a processing-driven framework that reinterprets free-surface ghosts as coherent mirror observations rather than unwanted noise. The proposed approach exploits the deterministic relationship between primary and ghost wavefields. After decomposing the recorded data into primary and ghost components, the wavefields are physically realigned through wavefield backpropagation and survey sinking and then coherently summed. This strategy enhances signal quality without explicit inversion of the ghost operator, thereby avoiding the numerical instability inherent in inverse ghost deconvolution. Synthetic examples demonstrate that the framework improves wavelet compactness and partially recovers ghost-affected frequency content while maintaining numerical stability. The method is applicable to both source- and receiver-side ghosts and does not require modification of acquisition geometry or specialized hardware, making it particularly well suited to legacy marine seismic datasets. By shifting ghost mitigation from acquisition design to post-acquisition processing, the proposed framework provides a unifying physical interpretation of free-surface ghosts and offers a flexible pathway for broadband signal enhancement and improved signal-to-noise ratio in marine seismic data, consistent with previous field-scale observations.

研究动机与目标

• 以处理为中心的重新解读自由面鬼作为相干镜像观测而非噪声的动机。
• 建立一个框架，将记录的数据分解为主波和鬼波分量并在物理上重新对齐。
• 在保持数值稳定性的同时，提升波形的紧凑性并部分恢复受鬼影响的频率。

提出的方法

• 将记录的海洋地震数据分解为主波和鬼波分量。
• 通过反向传播和观测层沉降，实现波场的物理重新对齐。
• 对重新对齐的主波与鬼波场进行相干叠加以提升信号质量。
• 避免对鬼算子进行显式反演以保持数值稳定性。
• 将该框架应用于源端和接收端的鬼效应，而不改变采集几何。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 自由面鬼是否可以被视为确定性、相干的镜像观测而非噪声？
• RQ2 在不进行鬼反演的情况下，通过反向传播和波场重新对齐再进行相干叠加，是否能提高信号质量和带宽内容？
• RQ3 该方法是否适用于源端和接收端的鬼效应，并能与传统海洋数据集兼容？

主要发现

• 合成实验表明处理后波形简约性提高。
• 该方法在保持数值稳定性的同时部分恢复了受鬼影响的频率内容。
• 鬼效应在不修改采集几何或硬件的情况下得到处理，依赖于事后处理。