[论文解读] Exploratory and Live, Programming and Coding: A Literature Study Comparing Perspectives on Liveness

Patrick Rein, Stefan Ramson+3 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 23, 2018

Data Visualization and Analytics参考文献 35被引用 5

一句话总结

本文献综述分析了三个编程范式——探索式编程、实时编程和实时编码——共212篇出版物，比较其对动态性的不同视角。研究揭示了各领域在动机、方法论和应用领域上的显著差异：实时编码强调在表演艺术中开展以用户为中心的实证研究，探索式编程聚焦于工具设计与通用开发环境，实时编程则通过评估性工具研究优先考虑可及性。

ABSTRACT

Various programming tools, languages, and environments give programmers the impression of changing a program while it is running. This experience of liveness has been discussed for over two decades and a broad spectrum of research on this topic exists. Amongst others, this work has been carried out in the communities around three major ideas which incorporate liveness as an important aspect: live programming, exploratory programming, and live coding. While there have been publications on the focus of each particular community, the overall spectrum of liveness across these three communities has not been investigated yet. Thus, we want to delineate the variety of research on liveness. At the same time, we want to investigate overlaps and differences in the values and contributions between the three communities. Therefore, we conducted a literature study with a sample of 212 publications on the terms retrieved from three major indexing services. On this sample, we conducted a thematic analysis regarding the following aspects: motivation for liveness, application domains, intended outcomes of running a system, and types of contributions. We also gathered bibliographic information such as related keywords and prominent publications. Besides other characteristics the results show that the field of exploratory programming is mostly about technical designs and empirical studies on tools for general-purpose programming. In contrast, publications on live coding have the most variety in their motivations and methodologies with a majority being empirical studies with users. As expected, most publications on live coding are applied to performance art. Finally, research on live programming is mostly motivated by making programming more accessible and easier to understand, evaluating their tool designs through empirical studies with users. In delineating the spectrum of work on liveness, we hope to make the individual communities more aware of the work of the others. Further, by giving an overview of the values and methods of the individual communities, we hope to provide researchers new to the field of liveness with an initial overview.

研究动机与目标

• 绘制并比较探索式编程、实时编程与实时编码三个社区在动态性研究领域的全景图。
• 识别这些社区在价值观、动机与方法论路径上的异同。
• 为新进入该领域的研究人员提供动态性研究谱系的全面概览。
• 阐明各社区如何共同促进对动态、响应式编程体验的更广泛理解。
• 通过系统分析212篇关键文献的主题与书目特征，推动跨社区认知。

提出的方法

• 使用三大索引服务开展系统性文献研究，检索与动态性相关的术语出版物。
• 基于与实时编程、探索式编程及实时编码的相关性，筛选出212篇出版物样本。
• 对四个核心方面进行主题分析：动态性的动机、应用领域、运行系统的目标结果，以及贡献类型。
• 收集书目元数据，包括关键词、重要出版物及发表期刊/会议。
• 按社区对出版物进行分类，并分析方法论趋势，例如实时编码中实证用户研究的普遍性。
• 采用比较框架，从研究重点、设计目标与评估实践等方面对比三个社区。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 探索式编程、实时编程与实时编码社区中，动态性的主要动机分别是什么？
• RQ2 这三个社区在应用领域与系统预期结果方面有何差异？
• RQ3 各社区中最具代表性的贡献类型（如工具设计、实证研究）有哪些？
• RQ4 这三个社区在方法论路径或研究价值观上存在多大程度的重叠？
• RQ5 书目模式（如关键词、关键出版物）如何反映各社区的独特身份？

主要发现

• 探索式编程社区主要聚焦于通用编程环境中的技术工具设计与实证研究。
• 实时编码研究在动机与方法论上展现出最广泛的多样性，其中大多数出版物为以用户为中心的实证研究。
• 绝大多数实时编码出版物应用于表演艺术领域，反映出其深厚的艺术与表演性根源。
• 实时编程研究主要受提升编程可及性与理解性的驱动，且强烈强调通过用户研究评估工具设计。
• 这三个社区在研究价值观上存在显著差异：探索式编程强调工具化与评估，实时编码强调实时交互与表演性，实时编程强调教学清晰性。
• 尽管均关注动态性，但各社区之间交叉引用有限，表明亟需加强跨学科认知与整合。