[论文解读] Extra-auditory effects of noise in laboratory animals: the relationship between noise and sleep

Arnaud Rabat|PubMed|Jun 9, 2008

Noise Effects and Management参考文献 66被引用 43

一句话总结

本文研究了实验室动物在噪声环境下的非听觉效应，重点关注环境噪声如何破坏睡眠结构。研究发现，高频和超声波噪声、不可预测性以及长期暴露会显著导致慢波睡眠和异相睡眠的碎片化，且个体差异与应激反应性相关，提示这些紊乱可能源于神经内分泌系统与觉醒系统的失衡。

ABSTRACT

Noise has both auditory and extra-auditory effects. Some of the most deleterious extra-auditory effects of noise are those leading to sleep disturbances. These disturbances seem to be related to both endogenous (physical parameters) and exogenous (sex, age) factors of noise. Despite correlative relations between noise level and awakenings, the scientific community has not reached consensus regarding a specific action of these factors on the different sleep stages. In animal research, 2 complementary main fields of research exist. One is focused on the positive modulation of sleep by repeated tone stimulation. The other concerns noise-related sleep disturbances. The few studies that have investigated noise-related sleep disturbances suggest the following conclusions. First, sleep disturbances are greater upon exposure to environmental noise, whose frequency spectrum is characterized by high and ultrasonic sounds, than white noise. Second, unpredictability and pattern of noise events are responsible for extractions from both SWS and PS. Third, chronic exposure to noise permanently reduces and fragments sleep. Finally, in chronic noise exposure, an inter-individual variability in SWS deficits is observed and correlated to a psychobiological profile related to an incapability to face stressful situations. Based on results from other research, acute noise-related sleep perturbations could result from an imbalance in the sleep-wake cycle in favor of arousing ascending systems. Chronic noise-related sleep disturbances may arise due to imbalance of the sleep-wake cycle and malfunctioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis which may both contribute to the development of pathology.

研究动机与目标

• 研究噪声对实验室动物睡眠结构的非听觉效应。
• 确定物理因素（频率、不可预测性）和生物因素（年龄、性别）如何影响噪声引起的睡眠障碍。
• 探讨长期噪声暴露与持续性睡眠碎片化及病理变化之间的神经生物学机制。
• 评估个体间睡眠反应的差异性及其与心理生物学应激表型的相关性。

提出的方法

• 系统性回顾现有动物研究中关于噪声与睡眠的关系，重点关注受控的实验室条件。
• 分析在不同噪声条件下睡眠阶段变化（慢波睡眠与异相睡眠）。
• 比较白噪声与含高频及超声成分环境噪声对睡眠的影响。
• 评估噪声模式（可预测 vs. 不可预测）以及长期暴露持续时间对睡眠连续性的影响。
• 将研究发现与已知的神经内分泌通路（特别是下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴）整合。
• 利用行为和生理应激反应指标，与个体睡眠缺陷进行相关性分析。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 不同噪声频谱（如白噪声与高频/超声波）如何影响实验室动物的睡眠结构？
• RQ2 噪声不可预测性在多大程度上干扰慢波睡眠与异相睡眠阶段？
• RQ3 长期噪声暴露对睡眠连续性和睡眠阶段分布有何长期影响？
• RQ4 个体心理生物学应激反应性如何与对噪声诱导睡眠障碍的易感性相关？
• RQ5 哪些神经生物学机制——特别是涉及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴与觉醒系统——介导噪声引起的睡眠障碍？

主要发现

• 含高频和超声波成分的环境噪声比白噪声引起更大的睡眠干扰。
• 不可预测的噪声模式导致慢波睡眠与异相睡眠的觉醒次数增加及碎片化加剧。
• 长期噪声暴露导致总睡眠时间持续减少且碎片化，尤其显著影响慢波睡眠。
• 慢波睡眠缺陷的个体间差异与反映应激应对能力较差的心理生物学表型相关。
• 急性噪声引起的睡眠干扰可能源于脑干中促进觉醒的系统占优势的失衡。
• 长期噪声暴露可能通过下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴失调和持续的睡眠-觉醒节律失衡，导致病理性改变。