[论文解读] Finding Critical Scenarios for Automated Driving Systems: A Systematic Literature Review
本论文提出了一个用于 ADS/ADAS 中关键场景识别(CSI)方法的分类法,回顾了 2017–2020 年的 86 篇论文,并强调了存在的问题与未来的研究方向。
Scenario-based approaches have been receiving a huge amount of attention in research and engineering of automated driving systems. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of the driving environment, and the complexity of the driving task itself, the number of possible driving scenarios that an ADS or ADAS may encounter is virtually infinite. Therefore it is essential to be able to reason about the identification of scenarios and in particular critical ones that may impose unacceptable risk if not considered. Critical scenarios are particularly important to support design, verification and validation efforts, and as a basis for a safety case. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic literature review in the context of autonomous driving. The main contributions are: (i) introducing a comprehensive taxonomy for critical scenario identification methods; (ii) giving an overview of the state-of-the-art research based on the taxonomy encompassing 86 papers between 2017 and 2020; and (iii) identifying open issues and directions for further research. The provided taxonomy comprises three main perspectives encompassing the problem definition (the why), the solution (the methods to derive scenarios), and the assessment of the established scenarios. In addition, we discuss open research issues considering the perspectives of coverage, practicability, and scenario space explosion.
研究动机与目标
- 定义一个全面的分类法,用于对 CSI 方法在 ADS/ADAS 中进行分类。
- 通过该分类法提供对前沿 CSI 方法的概述。
- 识别在 ADS/ADAS 安全保障中 CSI 研究的尚存问题与未来方向。
提出的方法
- 提出一个包含三个核心视角的分类法:问题定义(为什么)、解决方案(如何推导场景)、以及评估(对场景的评估)。
- 对聚焦于 ADS/ADAS 的 CSI 方法进行 2017–2020 年的系统综述。
- 对 86 篇原始研究进行分类并映射到该分类法,以揭示研究现状。
- 以关键标准(SAE J3016、ISO 26262、ISO/PAS 21448 等)和场景概念(scenario、scene、ODD)为基础来锚定该分类法。
- 讨论与覆盖范围、可操作性和场景空间爆炸相关的尚存问题。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1RQ1:什么样的分类法可以系统地对 ADS/ADAS 的前沿 CSI 方法进行分类和比较?
- RQ2RQ2:就该分类法而言,CSI 方法研究的当前状态如何?
- RQ3RQ3:进一步研究尚存的问题和挑战有哪些?
主要发现
- 开发了一个关于 CSI 方法的全面分类法。
- 通过将 86 篇论文(2017–2020)映射到该分类法,提供了 CSI 方法的概述。
- 研究确定了尚存的问题和未来的研究方向,包括覆盖范围、可操作性和场景空间爆炸。
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