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[论文解读] First demonstration of in-beam performance of bent Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors

ALICE ITS project, :|arXiv (Cornell University)|May 27, 2021
CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors参考文献 9被引用 9
一句话总结

该论文首次展示了弯曲的单体像素传感器(MAPS)在束流中的性能表现,采用50 μm厚的ALPIDE芯片弯折至2 cm半径,未出现机械或电气损伤。在5.4 GeV电子束测试下,传感器的探测效率保持在99.9%以上,证明其在高能物理实验(如ALICE ITS3)中用于超低材料、圆柱形顶点探测器的可行性。

ABSTRACT

A novel approach for designing the next generation of vertex detectors foresees to employ wafer-scale sensors that can be bent to truly cylindrical geometries after thinning them to thicknesses of 20-40$μ$m. To solidify this concept, the feasibility of operating bent MAPS was demonstrated using 1.5$ imes$3cm ALPIDE chips. Already with their thickness of 50$μ$m, they can be successfully bent to radii of about 2cm without any signs of mechanical or electrical damage. During a subsequent characterisation using a 5.4GeV electron beam, it was further confirmed that they preserve their full electrical functionality as well as particle detection performance. In this article, the bending procedure and the setup used for characterisation are detailed. Furthermore, the analysis of the beam test, including the measurement of the detection efficiency as a function of beam position and local inclination angle, is discussed. The results show that the sensors maintain their excellent performance after bending to radii of 2cm, with detection efficiencies above 99.9% at typical operating conditions, paving the way towards a new class of detectors with unprecedented low material budget and ideal geometrical properties.

研究动机与目标

  • 验证在弯曲、圆柱形几何构型下使用晶圆级、超薄单体像素传感器(MAPS)用于下一代顶点探测器的可行性。
  • 通过实现真正圆柱形的传感器层,解决当前环形顶点探测器在材料预算和径向接近性方面的限制。
  • 证明弯曲MAPS在束流条件下具备机械与电气鲁棒性,确保弯曲后仍能完全正常工作。
  • 表征探测性能,包括效率和角度响应,覆盖弯曲传感器表面的性能表现。
  • 为ALICE ITS3项目提供支持,该探测器计划将最内层置于距相互作用点18 mm的径向位置,并实现最小材料预算。

提出的方法

  • 选用原为ALICE ITS2设计的50 μm厚ALPIDE芯片作为弯曲与束流测试的测试传感器。
  • 开发了一种可逆的渐进式弯曲工艺,使用丙烯酸粘合剂固定芯片边缘,并通过微米级精度的轮子包裹聚酰亚胺薄膜。
  • 采用120 μm厚的聚酰亚胺薄膜保护弯曲过程中的未键合传感器区域,同时保持均匀曲率。
  • 使用Ω形铝制夹具将弯曲后的芯片固定在2 cm半径,以在束流测试期间稳定曲率。
  • 利用5.4 GeV电子束进行束流测试,评估探测效率、位置分辨率以及作为入射角度函数的响应特性。
  • 分析传感器表面各区域的探测效率及其与局部倾角的关系,以评估弯曲后的性能均匀性。
Figure 1 : Layout of the ALPIDE pixel matrix. The pixels are organised in double-columns, each featuring a priority encoder circuit which propagates the addresses of the hit pixels to the periphery logic. The aluminum pads providing the electrical interface to the chip are located on the top of the
Figure 1 : Layout of the ALPIDE pixel matrix. The pixels are organised in double-columns, each featuring a priority encoder circuit which propagates the addresses of the hit pixels to the periphery logic. The aluminum pads providing the electrical interface to the chip are located on the top of the

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ150 μm厚的ALPIDE MAPS能否在不发生机械或电气故障的情况下弯折至2 cm半径?
  • RQ2弯曲后的MAPS其电气功能与粒子探测性能是否保持完整?
  • RQ3弯曲MAPS的探测效率如何随束流位置和局部倾角变化?
  • RQ4弯曲在多大程度上影响传感器的空间分辨率与信号响应?
  • RQ5弯曲MAPS能否达到高能物理实验中超低材料、圆柱形顶点探测器所需的性能要求?

主要发现

  • ALPIDE芯片成功弯折至2 cm半径,未出现任何机械或电气损伤,证实了该弯曲工艺的可行性。
  • 束流测试验证了弯曲后传感器保持完整的电气功能与粒子探测性能。
  • 在典型工作条件下,弯曲传感器表面的探测效率超过99.9%,表明性能接近理想状态。
  • 在不同束流位置和局部倾角下,探测效率保持高且稳定,证明在曲面传感器上具有均匀响应。
  • 结果验证了弯曲晶圆级MAPS在下一代顶点探测器中的应用潜力,可实现距相互作用点最近18 mm的径向位置。
  • 本研究证实,材料预算可最小化至几乎仅等于传感器厚度,支撑结构可大幅减少。
(a) Bent ALPIDE chip on the carrier card
(a) Bent ALPIDE chip on the carrier card

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