[论文解读] FOCUS : A framework for energy system optimization from prosumer to district and city scale

Jingyu Gong, Yi Nie+10 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 1, 2023

Integrated Energy Systems Optimization被引用 2

一句话总结

FOCUS 是一个开源的多尺度优化框架，用于城市能源系统，通过混合整数线性规划（MILP）实现从个体产消者到城市级网络的灵活、动态建模。它支持多目标优化，识别跨部门之间的协同效应，并通过模块化、可扩展的组件库与时间聚合技术，在计算成本较低的情况下实现可再生能源整合、储能和电网基础设施的整体规划。

ABSTRACT

Decarbonizing the energy sector is one of the main challenges to combat the climate crisis. Cities play an important role to reach climate neutrality as more than 70% of global CO2 emissions originate from urban areas. Decarbonization of energy supply systems can be achieved through various means, including the use of renewable energy sources, improving the efficiency of technologies, the coupling of different energy sectors, and the use of flexibility considering individual prosumer behaviour. This leads to an increasingly decentralized energy system, which is challenging to operate in a robust and cost-effective way. The evaluation of technologies and subsystems can only be done from the perspective of the system in which it is embedded and it is highly dependent on their networking and application scenarios. Therefore, the design and operation of energy systems require adequate computation and evaluation tools, which offer a holistic view of all interconnected components. The currently available optimization tools have limitations, such as limited scope of technologies and sectors, high requirements on data, high computational cost, and difficulty in handling multi-objective optimization. To overcome these limitations a software framework called FOCUS for the flexible and dynamic modeling of any urban sector-coupled energy system is developed. The framework includes a library containing models for different technologies and offers a variety of parameter sets for each technology. FOCUS can handle multi-objective problems by returning Pareto-optimal fronts, which helps users to discover the trade-off between criteria and objectives. The developed tool can identify new flexibility potentials in the energy system, actively support companies in the respective field to optimize urban energy system planning solutions, and determine possible threads to the stable operation of such systems.

研究动机与目标

• 应对日益复杂的去中心化、跨部门耦合的城市能源系统所带来的整体性、多尺度优化需求。
• 克服现有工具的局限性，如技术范围狭窄、数据需求高，以及无法处理多目标权衡的问题。
• 通过在统一框架中整合产消者、街区和城市级基础设施，实现城市能源系统稳健、经济高效的规划。
• 通过识别各能源部门的灵活性潜力和最优配置，支持能源规划者、开发商和政策制定者的决策。

提出的方法

• 采用三级自下而上的优化架构：产消者层级、街区层级和城市层级互联。
• 使用混合整数线性规划（MILP）对所有组件的时间相关能量流、储能、发电和转换进行建模。
• 集成模块化、可扩展的组件库，包含光伏（PV）、电池、热泵和氢系统等技术的预设参数集。
• 应用时间聚合技术，在保持大规模情景优化精度的同时降低计算负载。
• 通过返回帕累托最优前沿，实现多目标优化，以评估成本、排放和系统稳定性之间的权衡。
• 对电力、热力和燃气网络之间的相互依赖关系进行建模，包括第五代区域供热和微电网配置。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 如何通过统一的优化框架有效建模从产消者、街区到城市尺度的能源系统？
• RQ2 多目标优化对识别城市能源系统中成本、排放和系统灵活性之间权衡的影响是什么？
• RQ3 如何通过时间聚合和模块化组件建模在不牺牲解精度的前提下降低计算复杂度？
• RQ4 在规模化整合产消者、储能和多能网络时，会涌现出哪些灵活性潜力？
• RQ5 该框架如何在不同政策和技术情景下支持设计具备前瞻性的、跨部门耦合的城市能源系统？

主要发现

• FOCUS框架成功地采用自下而上的分层优化方法，在产消者、街区和城市三个尺度上对能源系统进行建模。
• 该框架通过生成帕累托最优前沿支持多目标优化，使用户能够评估经济成本、排放和系统稳定性之间的权衡。
• 通过时间序列的聚合处理，框架实现了大规模城市能源系统情景的可行计算时间。
• 模块化组件库允许在所有三个层级灵活配置多种技术，包括光伏（PV）、电池、热泵和氢基础设施。
• 该框架识别出产消者与集中式基础设施之间的协同效应，如共享储能和优化电网利用，从而提升系统效率。
• 该工具以MIT许可证开源，正在InEEd-DC项目中积极开发，产消者层级的模型已可使用，街区层级的模型正在开发中。