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[论文解读] Foundations of Complex Event Processing.

Alejandro Grez, Cristian Riveros|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 15, 2017
Advanced Database Systems and Queries参考文献 41被引用 6
一句话总结

本文提出了一种以CEL语言(具有指称语义的正式语言)和复杂事件自动机(CEA)为核心的复杂事件处理(CEP)形式化框架,用于高效评估。该框架引入了优化技术与常数时间评估算法,在单重过滤查询等场景下,性能相比现有系统提升了数个数量级。

ABSTRACT

Complex Event Processing (CEP) has emerged as the unifying field for technologies that require processing and correlating distributed data sources in real-time. CEP finds applications in diverse domains, which has resulted in a large number of proposals for expressing and processing complex events. However, existing CEP languages lack from a clear semantics, making them hard to understand and generalize. Moreover, there are no general techniques for evaluating CEP query languages with clear performance guarantees. In this paper we embark on the task of giving a rigorous and efficient framework to CEP. We propose a formal language for specifying complex events, called CEL, that contains the main features used in the literature and has a denotational and compositional semantics. We also formalize the so-called selection strategies, which had only been presented as by-design extensions to existing frameworks. With a well-defined semantics at hand, we study how to efficiently evaluate CEL for processing complex events in the case of unary filters. We start by studying the syntactical properties of CEL and propose rewriting optimization techniques for simplifying the evaluation of formulas. Then, we introduce a formal computational model for CEP, called complex event automata (CEA), and study how to compile CEL formulas into CEA. Furthermore, we provide efficient algorithms for evaluating CEA over event streams using constant time per event followed by constant-delay enumeration of the results. By gathering these results together, we propose a framework for efficiently evaluating CEL with unary filters. Finally, we show experimentally that this framework consistently outperforms the competition, and even over trivial queries can be orders of magnitude more efficient.

研究动机与目标

  • 为解决现有复杂事件处理(CEP)语言缺乏形式化语义的问题,从而阻碍理解与泛化。
  • 设计一种形式化的CEP计算模型,支持高效评估并提供性能保障。
  • 设计从CEL公式到复杂事件自动机(CEA)的编译流水线,以实现运行时的优化执行。
  • 提供重写优化技术,在评估前简化CEL公式。
  • 实现每个事件的常数时间处理与结果的常数延迟枚举,确保高效率。

提出的方法

  • 提出CEL,一种具有指称语义与组合语义的复杂事件正式语言,捕捉了现有CEP语言的核心特性。
  • 将选择策略作为形式化定义的组件引入,此前在先前系统中被视为临时扩展。
  • 设计一种称为复杂事件自动机(CEA)的形式化计算模型,用于表示CEL公式的执行。
  • 设计一种编译过程,将CEL公式转换为等价的CEA,以支持高效的运行时评估。
  • 采用基于语法重写的优化技术,在编译前简化CEL公式。
  • 实现一种评估算法,确保每个事件的处理时间为常数,并以常数延迟枚举结果。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1如何为CEP语言建立形式化语义,以确保清晰性与组合式推理?
  • RQ2何种形式化模型能够实现复杂事件查询的高效且可预测的评估?
  • RQ3重写技术能否简化CEL公式以提升评估性能?
  • RQ4如何将CEL公式编译为支持常数时间事件处理的模型?
  • RQ5在实际应用中,该框架可实现何种性能保障?

主要发现

  • 所提出的框架实现了每个事件的常数时间处理与结果的常数延迟枚举,支持高吞吐量的CEP。
  • 该框架在各种查询中均持续优于现有系统,尤其在简单查询上性能提升达数个数量级。
  • 重写优化技术显著降低了公式复杂度,提升了评估效率。
  • 将CEL编译为CEA可实现高效、语义保持的执行,并具备强大的性能保障。
  • 形式化语义与计算模型支持正确性构造的推理与优化。
  • 实证评估证实,即使在简单查询下,处理速度也比竞争系统快数个数量级。

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