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[论文解读] Fractional calculus modeling of cell viscoelasticity quantifies drug response and maturation more robustly than integer order models

Anh Vo, Andrew Ekpenyong|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 2, 2022
Fractional Differential Equations Solutions被引用 4
一句话总结

本研究提出基于分数阶微积分的粘弹性模型,特别是分数阶凯尔文-沃伊特模型,以比传统整数阶模型更稳健地量化巨噬细胞的机械响应。结果表明,分数阶模型能更好地捕捉药物诱导的变化(如细胞骨架抑制剂细胞分裂素D、blebbistatin)以及与成熟相关的粘弹性转变,具有更优的拟合质量,并为细胞骨架动力学提供更深入的生物物理洞察。

ABSTRACT

It has recently been discovered that the viscoelastic properties of cells are inherent markers reflecting the complex biological states, functions and malfunctions of the cells. Although the extraction of model parameters from the viscoelasticity data of many cell types has been done successfully using integer order mechanical and power-law viscoelastic models, there are some cell types and conditions where the goodness of fits falls behind. Thus, fractional order viscoelastic models have been proposed as more general and better suited for such modeling. In this work, we test such proposed generality using published data already fitted by integer order models. We find that cell viscoelasticity data can be fitted using fractional order viscoelastic models in more situations than integer order. For macrophages, which are among the white blood cells that function in the immune system, the fractional order Kelvin-Voigt model best captures pharmacological interventions and maturation of the cells. The steady state viscosity of macrophages decreases following depolymerization of F-actin using the drug cytochalasin D, and also decreases following myosin II breakdown using Blebbistatin. When macrophages are treated with a bacterium-derived chemoattractant, the steady state viscosity decreases. Interestingly, both the steady state viscosity and elastic modulus are progressively altered as the cells become mature and approach senescence. Taken together, these results show that fractional viscoelastic modeling, more robustly than integer order modeling, enables the further quantification of cell function and malfunction, with potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications especially in cases of cancer and immune system dysfunctions.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决整数阶粘弹性模型在药物处理和发育条件下难以捕捉巨噬细胞复杂机械行为的局限性。
  • 评估分数阶微积分模型是否能比传统模型更稳健、更具普适性地参数化细胞粘弹性。
  • 量化粘弹性参数(弹性模量、黏度、分数阶阶数)在细胞骨架药物处理和巨噬细胞成熟过程中的变化。
  • 确立分数阶模型作为表征健康与疾病状态下细胞机械状态的优越工具,尤其在免疫功能障碍和癌症中具有重要意义。

提出的方法

  • 应用分数阶凯尔文-沃伊特(Frac KV)模型,利用Mittag-Leffler函数描述巨噬细胞的粘弹性松弛行为。
  • 将悬浮巨噬细胞的实验应变数据拟合至整数阶与分数阶粘弹性模型,比较拟合优度。
  • 利用时域应力松弛数据提取关键参数:稳态黏度(η₂)、弹性模量(E₂)和分数阶阶数(ν)。
  • 采用决定系数(R²)、调整决定系数、均方根误差(RMSE)和残差平方和(SSE)进行统计评估,比较模型性能。
  • 分析不同条件下的参数变化:对照组、细胞分裂素D处理组、blebbistatin处理组、fMLP刺激组,以及分化过程中24小时至96小时的时间点。
  • 在本构方程中引入分数阶导数,以模拟记忆效应和粘弹性响应中的幂律行为。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在多样化的药物处理和发育条件下,分数阶微积分模型是否能比整数阶模型提供更稳健的巨噬细胞粘弹性数据拟合?
  • RQ2当通过细胞分裂素D和blebbistatin破坏细胞骨架时,粘弹性参数(η₂、E₂、ν)如何变化?
  • RQ3巨噬细胞成熟及衰老过程中,粘弹性特性如何演变,特别是在分化后约96小时?
  • RQ4分数阶阶数ν在多大程度上反映了细胞骨架组织与机械顺应性变化的生物学意义?

主要发现

  • 分数阶凯尔文-沃伊特模型在细胞分裂素D处理的巨噬细胞中实现了更优的拟合优度(R² = 0.9977),SSE = 2.83×10⁻⁵,RMSE = 0.0007,显著优于整数阶模型。
  • 细胞分裂素D处理使稳态黏度(η₂)从163.23 Pa·s降至29.47 Pa·s,弹性模量(E₂)从0.91 Pa增至3.88 Pa,表明细胞骨架软化与刚化并存。
  • Blebbistatin处理使η₂(从163.23降至155.52 Pa·s)和E₂(从0.91降至0.17 Pa)均下降,与肌球蛋白II抑制及收缩力降低一致。
  • 在成熟过程中,η₂从24小时的163.23 Pa·s降至72小时的96.86 Pa·s,随后在96小时增至203.77 Pa·s,与细胞凋亡启动时间点相关。
  • 在成熟过程中,分数阶阶数ν从0.95降至0.80,表明中间阶段向更黏性、更少弹性的行为转变。
  • Frac KV模型成功捕捉到96小时时凋亡诱导的机械性增刚(η₂ > 对照组),而整数阶模型对此病理转变的分辨能力较差,凸显其对病理状态转变的更高敏感性。

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