[论文解读] Full-Duplex Communication for ISAC: Joint Beamforming and Power Optimization
本文提出了一种全双工(FD)集成感知与通信(ISAC)系统,其中雷达感知和上行链路/下行链路通信在同一时间与频率资源中同时运行。通过联合优化下行链路波束成形、上行链路用户发射功率和接收波束成形,该方案在频谱效率和能量效率方面相较于半双工ISAC系统实现了显著提升,且针对功率最小化和和速率最大化问题提供了闭式解与迭代算法。
Beamforming design has been widely investigated for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems with full-duplex (FD) sensing and half-duplex (HD) communication. To achieve higher spectral efficiency, in this paper, we extend existing ISAC beamforming design by considering the FD capability for both radar and communication. Specifically, we consider an ISAC system, where the BS performs target detection and communicates with multiple downlink users and uplink users reusing the same time and frequency resources. We jointly optimize the downlink dual-functional transmit signal and the uplink receive beamformers at the BS and the transmit power at the uplink users. The problems are formulated under two criteria: power consumption minimization and sum rate maximization. The downlink and uplink transmissions are tightly coupled due to both the desired target echo and the undesired interference received at the BS, making the problems challenging. To handle these issues in both cases, we first determine the optimal receive beamformers, which are derived in closed forms with respect to the BS transmit beamforming and the user transmit power, for radar target detection and uplink communications, respectively. Subsequently, we invoke these results to obtain equivalent optimization problems and propose efficient iterative algorithms to solve them by using the techniques of rank relaxation and successive convex approximation (SCA), where the adopted relaxation is proven to be tight. In addition, we consider a special case under the power minimization criterion and propose an alternative low complexity design. Numerical results demonstrate that the optimized FD communication-based ISAC brings tremendous improvements in terms of both power efficiency and spectral efficiency compared to the conventional ISAC with HD communication.
研究动机与目标
- 通过集成感知与通信,解决未来无线网络(如物联网和智能工厂)对更高频谱与能量效率的需求。
- 克服现有半双工ISAC系统的局限性,即仅通信或感知可在全双工模式下运行。
- 利用共享的时间与频率资源,实现雷达感知与上行链路/下行链路通信的同时全双工操作。
- 在两种准则下制定并求解联合优化问题:发射功率最小化与和速率最大化。
- 设计一种联合优化下行链路发射波束成形、上行链路用户功率与接收波束成形的系统,以管理干扰并提升性能。
提出的方法
- 构建ISAC系统模型,其中基站(BS)发射一种兼具双重功能的信号,用于下行链路通信与雷达感知,同时接收上行链路通信信号与雷达回波。
- 推导出最优上行链路接收波束成形与下行链路接收波束成形的闭式表达式,其形式基于发射波束成形与用户功率。
- 通过二阶锥松弛与变量替换,将原始的非凸优化问题转化为二阶锥规划(SOCP)问题。
- 提出迭代算法,求解全双工操作下功率最小化与和速率最大化问题的等效SOCP。
- 针对功率最小化特殊情况,通过利用最优波束成形结构,提出一种低复杂度设计。
- 采用时分双工(TDD)基准方案进行性能对比,针对半双工操作下的下行链路与上行链路模式分别构建优化问题。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1如何有效将全双工操作集成到ISAC系统中,以同时支持上行链路通信、下行链路通信与雷达感知?
- RQ2在满足通信与感知的SINR约束条件下,最小化总发射功率的最优联合波束成形与功率分配策略是什么?
- RQ3与传统半双工ISAC系统相比,所提出的联合优化在频谱效率与能量效率方面有何提升?
- RQ4能否为全双工操作下的接收波束成形推导出闭式解?这些解如何简化优化过程?
- RQ5在ISAC系统中启用全双工通信后,可在和速率与功率效率方面实现多大的性能增益?
主要发现
- 数值结果验证了所提出的全双工ISAC系统在频谱效率与能量效率方面相较于半双工ISAC系统实现了显著提升。
- 基于SOCP重构的迭代算法在功率最小化与和速率最大化问题上均收敛至最优解。
- 推导出了最优上行链路与下行链路接收波束成形的闭式表达式,显著降低了计算复杂度。
- 针对功率最小化情况的低复杂度设计在计算负载降低的同时实现了接近最优的性能。
- 数值结果表明,FD ISAC系统在平均功耗与可实现和速率方面均优于TDD基准方案。
- 系统在干扰约束下仍能维持通信用户与雷达目标所需的SINR水平,证实了其鲁棒性。
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