[论文解读] Fully automated 3D segmentation of dopamine transporter SPECT images using an estimation-based approach
本文提出了一种基于估计的深度学习方法,用于在多巴胺转运体SPECT图像中全自动分割尾状核、壳核和苍白球。通过使用编码器-解码器网络,以最小化与MR衍生的分数体积分布之间的二元交叉熵损失进行训练,该方法在Dice相似系数上达到约0.80,表现出高精度和对噪声、部分体积效应及患者头部倾斜的强鲁棒性。
Quantitative measures of uptake in caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus in dopamine transporter (DaT) brain SPECT have potential as biomarkers for the severity of Parkinson disease. Reliable quantification of uptake requires accurate segmentation of these regions. However, segmentation is challenging in DaT SPECT due to partial-volume effects, system noise, physiological variability, and the small size of these regions. To address these challenges, we propose an estimation-based approach to segmentation. This approach estimates the posterior mean of the fractional volume occupied by caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus within each voxel of a 3D SPECT image. The estimate is obtained by minimizing a cost function based on the binary cross-entropy loss between the true and estimated fractional volumes over a population of SPECT images, where the distribution of the true fractional volumes is obtained from magnetic resonance images from clinical populations. The proposed method accounts for both the sources of partial-volume effects in SPECT, namely the limited system resolution and tissue-fraction effects. The method was implemented using an encoder-decoder network and evaluated using realistic clinically guided SPECT simulation studies, where the ground-truth fractional volumes were known. The method significantly outperformed all other considered segmentation methods and yielded accurate segmentation with dice similarity coefficients of ~ 0.80 for all regions. The method was relatively insensitive to changes in voxel size. Further, the method was relatively robust up to +/- 10 degrees of patient head tilt along transaxial, sagittal, and coronal planes. Overall, the results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method to yield accurate fully automated segmentation of caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus in 3D DaT-SPECT images.
研究动机与目标
- 解决在3D多巴胺转运体SPECT图像中对小而嘈杂的脑区(尾状核、壳核、苍白球)进行精确分割的挑战。
- 克服SPECT成像中部分体积效应、系统噪声和生理变异带来的限制。
- 开发一种对图像分辨率变化和患者头部位置变化具有鲁棒性的全自动分割方法。
- 通过实现可靠的区域摄取测量,提高帕金森病严重程度的定量生物标志物准确性。
- 利用来自MRI的群体水平数据,通过概率性分数体积估计,为SPECT分割提供信息并加以改进。
提出的方法
- 该方法使用深度编码器-解码器神经网络,估计每个脑区在每个体素内的分数体积占据后验均值。
- 通过最小化基于预测与真实分数体积之间二元交叉熵损失的代价函数,对网络进行训练,覆盖一组SPECT图像群体。
- 真实分数体积分布来自临床人群的配准MR扫描,建模了有限系统分辨率和组织分数效应。
- 该方法明确考虑了两种部分体积效应来源:空间分辨率限制和部分体素组织组成。
- 通过使用具有已知真实分数体积的现实SPECT模拟进行评估,以实现定量验证。
- 该架构设计为对体素尺寸变化以及在轴向、矢状面和冠状面上±10°以内的头部倾斜具有鲁棒性。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1基于估计的深度学习方法能否在DaT-SPECT图像中实现对小基底神经节结构的精确3D分割?
- RQ2在包含噪声和部分体积效应的实际临床条件下,该方法表现如何?
- RQ3该方法在图像分辨率和患者头部位置变化下的鲁棒性如何?
- RQ4与现有分割技术相比,该方法在Dice相似系数和鲁棒性方面表现如何?
- RQ5基于群体的MRI衍生分数体积分布能否有效指导SPECT分割?
主要发现
- 所提出方法在所有三个区域(尾状核、壳核、苍白球)中均实现了约0.80的Dice相似系数,表明分割精度高。
- 在相同模拟条件下,该方法显著优于研究中评估的所有其他分割技术。
- 该方法对体素尺寸变化表现出相对不敏感性,在不同分辨率设置下保持一致的性能。
- 在所有三个解剖平面(轴向、矢状面、冠状面)中,患者头部倾斜达±10°时仍保持鲁棒性。
- 使用基于群体的MRI衍生分数体积分布,提高了模型处理SPECT成像中部分体积效应的能力。
- 该方法实现了全自动、可靠的分割,适用于帕金森病中定量生物标志物的提取。
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