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[论文解读] Gaia Data Release 3: Pulsations in main sequence OBAF-type stars

Gaia Collaboration, J. De Ridder|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 13, 2022
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies被引用 4
一句话总结

本文利用盖亚数据释放3(DR3)的测光、光谱和天体测量数据,系统识别了原生高振幅主序星(IHM)脉动星——主要包括δ Scuti、γ Doradus 和 SPB 恒星。尽管在毫mag量级存在仪器测光变化的挑战,作者仍从广泛的星等和天区覆盖范围内分离出约106 K颗脉动星,确认其在赫罗图中的位置,并揭示恒星自转对脉动振幅的阻尼效应。

ABSTRACT

The third Gaia data release provides photometric time series covering 34 months for about 10 million stars. For many of those stars, a characterisation in Fourier space and their variability classification are also provided. This paper focuses on intermediate- to high-mass (IHM) main sequence pulsators M >= 1.3 Msun) of spectral types O, B, A, or F, known as beta Cep, slowly pulsating B (SPB), delta Sct, and gamma Dor stars. These stars are often multi-periodic and display low amplitudes, making them challenging targets to analyse with sparse time series. All datasets used in this analysis are part of the Gaia DR3 data release. The photometric time series were used to perform a Fourier analysis, while the global astrophysical parameters necessary for the empirical instability strips were taken from the Gaia DR3 gspphot tables, and the vsini data were taken from the Gaia DR3 esphs tables. We show that for nearby OBAF-type pulsators, the Gaia DR3 data are precise and accurate enough to pinpoint them in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. We find empirical instability strips covering broader regions than theoretically predicted. In particular, our study reveals the presence of fast rotating gravity-mode pulsators outside the strips, as well as the co-existence of rotationally modulated variables inside the strips as reported before in the literature. We derive an extensive period-luminosity relation for delta Sct stars and provide evidence that the relation features different regimes depending on the oscillation period. Finally, we demonstrate how stellar rotation attenuates the amplitude of the dominant oscillation mode of delta Sct stars.

研究动机与目标

  • 利用盖亚 DR3 数据识别并表征 OBAF 型恒星中的原生高振幅主序脉动星。
  • 克服盖亚 DR3 时间序列中仪器测光变化带来的挑战,特别是毫mag量级的干扰。
  • 将脉动星在赫罗图中的实测位置与理论不稳定带进行验证。
  • 利用盖亚 DR3 光谱数据研究恒星自转对δ Scuti星脉动振幅的影响。
  • 基于均匀、高采样率的盖亚 DR3 数据集,建立δ Scuti星的周期-光度(PW)关系。

提出的方法

  • 对盖亚 DR3 时间序列应用变星处理流水线(CU7),要求至少40个数据点,以分类变星。
  • 使用自动傅里叶分析检测周期性信号,并滤除主要受仪器变化影响的恒星。
  • 利用盖亚 DR3 gspphot 推导的有效温度和光度,将恒星置于赫罗图中。
  • 将脉动频率与δ Sct、γ Dor 和 SPB 恒星的理论不稳定带进行交叉比对。
  • 利用盖亚 DR3 光谱 esphs 数据中的 $v\sin i$ 值量化自转对脉动振幅的影响。
  • 利用已识别脉动星的完整样本分析δ Scuti星的周期-光度(PW)关系。
Figure 1: A histogram of the first frequency $\nu_{1}$ . Dark blue: histogram of the first frequency $\nu_{1}$ of the 460 519 candidate main sequence variables. The highest peaks go beyond the maximum value of the y-axis. Light blue: Same histogram for the 108 663 for which we filtered on the primar
Figure 1: A histogram of the first frequency $\nu_{1}$ . Dark blue: histogram of the first frequency $\nu_{1}$ of the 460 519 candidate main sequence variables. The highest peaks go beyond the maximum value of the y-axis. Light blue: Same histogram for the 108 663 for which we filtered on the primar

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1高振幅主序脉动星在赫罗图中的分布如何?其实测位置与理论不稳定带的匹配程度如何?
  • RQ2盖亚 DR3 中仪器测光变化在多大程度上污染了 OBAF 型恒星中内在恒星脉动的检测?
  • RQ3恒星自转如何影响δ Scuti星的观测脉动振幅?能否利用盖亚 DR3 数据进行量化?
  • RQ4δ Scuti星的周期-光度(PW)关系是否根据主导振荡周期表现出不同区域?
  • RQ5有多少比例的脉动星位于经典不稳定带之外?这是否可由快速自转恒星中的重力-惯性模解释?

主要发现

  • 在盖亚 DR3 中识别出约106 K颗高振幅主序脉动星,其样本在规模、星等范围和天区覆盖方面具有独特性。
  • 约20%的脉动星位于经典不稳定带之外,提示快速自转恒星中可能存在重力-惯性模的贡献。
  • δ Scuti星的周期-光度(PW)关系显示出两个不同的区域,具体取决于主导振荡周期,盖亚 DR3 提供了迄今为止最广泛的实测样本。
  • 利用盖亚 DR3 的 $v\sin i$ 数据量化表明,恒星自转使δ Scuti星的脉动振幅每公里每秒减少约46 μmag。
  • 部分β Cephei星的实测位置与理论不稳定带之间存在差异,可能由于 $T_{\rm eff}$ 或光度的系统性偏差(来自 gspphot),或对OB星内部结构建模不完整所致。
  • 毫mag量级的仪器变化影响了大多数初始候选星,但经过滤波处理后污染显著减少,完整校准预计将在盖亚 DR5 中实现。
Figure 2: Sky distribution in Galactic coordinates of the 106 207 sources in the data set resulting from various steps of filtering as described in Section 2 .
Figure 2: Sky distribution in Galactic coordinates of the 106 207 sources in the data set resulting from various steps of filtering as described in Section 2 .

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