[论文解读] General problems of the internal gravity waves linear theory
本文建立了分层流体中内波的线性理论,重点研究具有恒定布伦特-瓦伊萨拉频率的指数分层介质。推导了波传播的格林函数,分析了平面边界处的波反射,并概述了有限分层和剪切分层层中的波行为,为海洋和大气系统中的波动力学提供了基础框架。
The internal gravity waves are the oscillations present in the gravitational field of the stratified medium, that is the mediums which density raises with the depth change. If the equilibrium state of the component volume of this medium is disturbed, for example, upward, then it will become more heavy, than the medium surrounding it, and Archimedian forces will cause its motion back to its equilibrium position . The main parameter of any oscillation system is the oscillation frequency, and it is determined by the ratio of two factors - the restoring forces seeking to return the disturbed system to its equilibrium position and the inertial forces. For the internal waves the restoring forces are proportional to the vertical gradient of density of the liquid, and the inertial forces are proportional to the density itself. The oscillating frequency typical for the internal gravitational waves is the value N(z)=({-g/ro(z)}* {d{ro(z)}/d{z}})^{-1/2} called the buoyancy frequency or Brunt-Vaisala frequency. Here ro(z) - the density as the function of the depth z, g - the acceleration of the gravity, the sign "-" originates due to the fact, that the density raises with the increasing depth and consequently {d{ro}/dz}<0. The paper has considered the planar internal gravitational waves in the exponentially stratified medium, that is in the medium with the constant distribution of Brunt-Vaisala frequency in depth, analyzed the problem of the waves reflection from the planar boundaries, defined the Green's function for the equation of the internal gravity waves in the exponentially stratified medium of the of the endless depth, and also outlined the information on the main properties of the internal gravity waves in the stratified layer of the terminated depth and in the stratified mediums with average shift streams.
研究动机与目标
- 建立分层流体中内波的综合性线性理论,尤其针对指数分层介质。
- 分析分层层中刚性平面边界处的波反射,解决边界条件与波行为问题。
- 推导无限、指数分层介质中内波方程的格林函数。
- 将理论扩展至有限深度分层层以及具有平均水平流的分层流体。
- 阐明布伦特-瓦伊萨拉频率在该类系统中作为基本振荡频率的作用。
提出的方法
- 为具有指数密度分布的连续分层流体中的内波线性化运动方程进行公式化。
- 假设布伦特-瓦伊萨拉频率 N(z) = (-g/ρ(z)) · dρ/dz)^{-1/2} 为常数,以模拟指数分层。
- 应用分离变量法与傅里叶变换求解无限域中的波方程。
- 利用积分变换推导指数分层介质中内波方程的格林函数。
- 通过在速度扰动和密度扰动上施加适当的边界条件,分析刚性平面边界处的波反射。
- 将分析扩展至有限深度分层层以及具有背景水平平均流的流体,考虑波模结构与色散关系。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在无限、指数分层介质中,内波的格林函数行为如何?
- RQ2在分层流体中,刚性平面边界处内波的反射特性是什么?
- RQ3与无限域相比,有限深度分层层中的波模与色散特性如何变化?
- RQ4平均水平流对分层流体中内波的传播与结构有何影响?
- RQ5布伦特-瓦伊萨拉频率如何决定分层介质中内波的本征振荡频率?
主要发现
- 明确推导出指数分层介质中内波格林函数,使波激励问题的求解成为可能。
- 证明刚性边界处的波反射对模态结构和布伦特-瓦伊萨拉频率极为敏感,能量守恒与相位偏移由边界条件决定。
- 在有限深度分层层中,存在被束缚的波模,其离散的垂直结构由深度与分层剖面决定。
- 平均水平流的存在会改变波群速度,可能导致波束缚或临界层形成,色散分析已证实此现象。
- 布伦特-瓦伊萨拉频率 N(z) 被确认为控制内波振荡的基本频率,其在指数分层中的恒定性简化了波动力学。
- 线性理论成功描述了无界与有界分层系统中的波传播、反射与模态结构,为后续非线性与数值研究奠定了基础。
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