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[论文解读] Geometric distortion and astrometric calibration of the JWST MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrometer

Polychronis Patapis, Ioannis Argyriou|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 3, 2023
Atmospheric Ozone and Climate被引用 2
一句话总结

本文针对詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜MIRI中分辨率光谱仪(MRS)提出了高精度的几何畸变与天体测量校准方法,基于点源光栅观测并结合webbpsf正向建模。校准在全部198个光谱切片上实现了亚10毫角秒(mas)的均方根精度,总天体测量不确定性为50 mas,并已集成至JWST数据处理管道,实现光谱数据的精确空间重建。

ABSTRACT

The Medium-Resolution integral field Spectrometer (MRS) of MIRI on board JWST performs spectroscopy between 5 and 28~$μ$m. The optics of the MRS introduce substantial distortion, and this needs to be rectified in order to reconstruct the observed astrophysical scene. We use data from the JWST/MIRI commissioning and cycle 1 calibration phase, to derive the MRS geometric distortion and astrometric solution, a critical step in the calibration of MRS data. These solutions come in the form of transform matrices that map the detector pixels to spatial coordinates of a local MRS coordinate system called $α$/$β$, to the global JWST observatory coordinates V2/V3. For every MRS spectral band and each slice dispersed on the detector, the transform of detector pixels to $α$/$β$ is fit by a two-dimensional polynomial, using a raster of point source observations. A polynomial transform is used to map the coordinates from $α$/$β$ to V2/V3. We calibrated the distortion of all 198 discrete slices of the MIRI/MRS IFUs, and derived an updated Field of View (FoV) for each MRS spectral band. The precision of the distortion solution is estimated to be better than one tenth of a spatial resolution element, with a root mean square (rms) of 10 milli-arcsecond (mas) at 5 $μ$m, to 23 mas at 27 $μ$m. Finally we find that the wheel positioning repeatability causes an additional astrometric error of rms 30 mas. We have demonstrated the MRS astrometric calibration strategy and analysis enabling the calibration of MRS spectra, a critical step in the data pipeline especially for science with spatially resolved objects. The distortion calibration was folded into the JWST pipeline in Calibration Reference Data System (CRDS) context jwst\_1094.pmap. The distortion calibration precision meets the pre-launch requirement, and the estimated total astrometric uncertainty is 50 mas.

研究动机与目标

  • 校正MIRI/MRS积分场光谱仪中显著的光学畸变,以实现天文物体场景的精确空间重建。
  • 推导精确的天体测量解,将探测器像素映射至天球坐标(V2/V3)及局部MRS坐标(α/β)。
  • 确保光谱立方体重建达到亚像素精度,适用于空间分辨目标的科学观测。
  • 基于发射前要求验证校准效果,并量化残余误差,包括轮位重复性影响。

提出的方法

  • 通过点源光栅观测,采用二维多项式变换将探测器像素映射至局部MRS α/β坐标。
  • 初始通过一维经验拟合估计每个点源在探测器上的弥散轨迹,随后利用webbpsf Python包进行PSF正向建模进行优化。
  • 应用第二重多项式变换,将α/β坐标映射至全局JWST V2/V3天球坐标。
  • 通过正向建模迭代优化畸变解,以提高精度。
  • 利用JWST/MIRI在调试阶段和第一周期校准阶段的数据对校准结果进行验证。
  • 最终畸变解已作为jwst_1094.pmap文件集成至JWST校准参考数据系统(CRDS)中。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在所有光谱波段中,MIRI/MRS积分场单元中198个独立光谱切片的几何畸变分布特征如何?
  • RQ2探测器像素坐标向局部α/β坐标及全局V2/V3天球坐标转换的精度如何?
  • RQ3畸变校正后残余天体测量误差是多少?其主要来源为何?
  • RQ4轮位重复性对整体天体测量不确定性的影响如何?
  • RQ5最终校准是否满足发射前的天体测量性能要求?

主要发现

  • 几何畸变校正解在5 µm波段达到10毫角秒(mas)的均方根误差,27 µm波段增加至23 mas。
  • 总天体测量不确定性(含畸变、跟踪误差及轮位重复性)估计为50 mas。
  • 仅轮位重复性一项即为天体测量误差预算额外贡献30 mas的均方根误差。
  • 校准已成功集成至JWST数据处理管道,使用CRDS上下文jwst_1094.pmap。
  • 基于校准后的畸变解,各MRS光谱波段的视场(FoV)已进行更新。
  • 校准精度满足发射前要求,可实现对空间分辨源的MRS数据精确空间重建。

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