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[论文解读] Geometry of epithelial cells provides a robust method for image based inference of stress within tissues

Nicholas Noll, Sebastian J. Streichan|arXiv (Cornell University)|Dec 11, 2018
Cellular Mechanics and Interactions参考文献 50被引用 5
一句话总结

本文提出几何变异法(GVM),一种基于图像的稳健方法,通过使用圆弧多边形(CAPs)对细胞间界面进行建模,从2D顶面细胞几何结构推断上皮组织中的机械应力。GVM 利用机械平衡约束,以高精度提取应力分布,在果蝇胚胎中与肌球蛋白II分布的相关性达到80%,且在抗噪声和曲率方面优于现有方法。

ABSTRACT

Cellular mechanics plays an important role in epithelial morphogenesis, a process wherein cells reshape and rearrange to produce tissue-scale deformations. However, the study of tissue-scale mechanics is impaired by the difficulty of direct measurement of stress in-vivo. Alternative, image-based inference schemes aim to estimate stress from snapshots of cellular geometry but are challenged by sensitivity to fluctuations and measurement noise as well as the dependence on boundary conditions. Here we overcome these difficulties by introducing a new variational approach - the Geometrical Variation Method (GVM) - which exploits the fundamental duality between stress and cellular geometry that exists in the state of mechanical equilibrium of discrete mechanical networks that approximate cellular tissues. In the Geometrical Variation Method, the two dimensional apical geometry of an epithelial tissue is approximated by a 2D tiling with Circular Arc Polygons (CAP) in which the arcs represent intercellular interfaces defined by the balance of local line tension and pressure differentials between adjacent cells. We take advantage of local constraints that mechanical equilibrium imposes on CAP geometry to define a variational procedure that extracts the best fitting equilibrium configuration from images of epithelial monolayers. The GVM-based stress inference algorithm has been validated by the comparison of the predicted cellular and mesoscopic scale stress and measured myosin II patterns in the epithelial tissue during Drosophila embryogenesis. GVM prediction of mesoscopic stress tensor correlates at the 80% level with the measured myosin distribution and reveals that most of the myosin II activity is involved in a static internal force balance within the epithelial layer. Lastly, this study provides a practical method for non-destructive estimation of stress in live epithelial tissues.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决在无直接测量的情况下,从活体上皮组织中推断机械应力的挑战。
  • 克服现有基于图像的推断方法对噪声和边界条件假设敏感的局限性。
  • 开发一种变分方法,利用机械平衡状态下应力与几何之间的对偶性。
  • 在最小假设下,实现基于活体成像数据的非破坏性、全组织应力图谱绘制。
  • 在真实发育数据上验证该方法,将推断的应力与实验测得的肌球蛋白II分布关联。

提出的方法

  • 使用圆弧多边形(CAPs)对上皮组织的顶面几何结构进行建模,其中弧线代表受线张力和压差平衡控制的细胞间界面。
  • 制定一种变分原理,识别与机械平衡约束一致的CAPs平衡构型。
  • 应用几何变异法(GVM)作为变分推理算法,从观测到的细胞几何结构中提取应力张量。
  • 通过SVD-based最小二乘拟合,将局部细胞区域投影到切平面上,将GVM扩展至曲面。
  • 通过最小化共享边张力的平方差,解决重叠区域间的尺度模糊性,实现全局一致性。
  • 使用合成球形胚胎在受控条件下验证该方法,测试其在噪声和曲率下的鲁棒性。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1能否在无直接机械测量的情况下,仅从2D细胞几何结构可靠地推断上皮组织中的机械应力?
  • RQ2与基于矩阵求逆的方法相比,GVM方法在真实成像噪声水平和几何曲率下的表现如何?
  • RQ3推断的应力与发育中果蝇胚胎中实验测得的肌球蛋白II活性的相关性有多大?
  • RQ4GVM方法能否在曲面上(如球形胚胎)准确重建应力场?
  • RQ5当边界条件不精确或组织内压力变化时,该方法是否仍保持鲁棒性?

主要发现

  • 基于GVM的应力推断算法在果蝇早期胚胎发育中与实验测得的肌球蛋白II分布相关性达到80%。
  • GVM在抗噪声方面优于基于矩阵求逆的方法,在高测量噪声水平下仍保持高精度。
  • GVM对中等曲率保持鲁棒,当补丁大小相对于曲率半径较小时(例如每补丁≤100个细胞),可实现准确推断。
  • 通过SVD-based拟合将3D细胞几何结构投影到局部切平面,成功实现了曲面上应力场的重建。
  • 通过最小化共享边上的张力差异,在重叠补丁之间拼接全局应力场,利用归一化解决尺度模糊性。
  • 在合成球形胚胎上的仿真验证表明,推断张力在整个组织中具有高保真度,且相关性随采样分辨率单调增加。

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