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[论文解读] GN-z11: The environment of an AGN at $z=$10.603

Jan Scholtz, Callum Witten|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 15, 2023
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena参考文献 15被引用 14
一句话总结

JWST/NIRSpec IFU 揭示 GN-z11 周围延伸的 Lyα 光晕,GN-z11 在 z=10.603 承载一个 AGN,附近有 Lyα 块与在高密度区域中的潜在原星团核心。

ABSTRACT

Recent observations with the extit{James Webb} Space Telescope (JWST) have further refined the spectroscopic redshift of GN-z11, one of the most distant galaxies identified with the extit{Hubble} Space Telescope (HST) at $z=10.603$. The presence of extremely dense gas ($>10^{10}$ cm$^{-3}$), the detection of high-ionisation lines and of CII*1335 emission, as well as the presence of an ionisation cone, indicate that GN-z11 also hosts an Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN). Further photometric and spectroscopic follow-up demonstrates that it lies in a large-scale, overdense structure with possible signatures of Population III (PopIII) stars in its halo. Surprisingly, Ly$α$ has also been detected despite the expected largely neutral inter-galactic medium at such a redshift. We exploit recent JWST/NIRSpec IFU observations to demonstrate that the Ly$α$ emission in GN-z11 is part of an extended halo with a minimum size of 0.8--3.2 kpc, depending on the definition used to derive the halo size. The surface brightness of the Ly$α$ halo around GN-z11 appears consistent with Ly$α$ halos observed around $z\sim6$ quasars. At the wavelength of Ly$α$ at $z\sim$10.6, we identify three other emission line candidates within the IFU Field-of-View with no UV rest-frame counterpart visible in deep images from the JWST/NIRCam. If confirmed, this could be the first evidence that the local region of GN-z11 represents a candidate protocluster core, forming just 400 Myr after the Big Bang. We give a first estimate of the dark matter halo mass of this structure ($M_h$=2.96$^{+0.44}_{-0.39} imes$10$^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$), consistent with a Coma-like cluster progenitor.

研究动机与目标

  • 调查 GN-z11 周围的空间分辨 Lyα 发射及其光晕形态。
  • 描述相对于 GN-z11 的 Lyα 动力学特征并识别速度偏移。
  • 在 GN-z11 附近搜索伴星系和 Lyα 发射斑块。
  • 评估环境与过密度以判断 z≈10.6 的原星团核心。

提出的方法

  • 使用 G140M/F100LP 和 G235M/F170LP 配置的 JWST/NIRSpec IFU 数据来绘制发射线分布。
  • 通过背景扣除和连续光扣除后通道塌缩,在 Lyα 峰值 ±400 km/s 内构建 Lyα 图。
  • 从指定区域提取光谱并用高斯拟合以获得通量、FWHM 与速度偏移。
  • 将 Lyα 光晕大小与表观亮度与模拟以及 z≈6 幂星性星系周围的 Lyα 光晕进行比较。
  • 在 IFU 视野内识别并分析 Lyα 器块及潜在的伴随发射线(如 CIV、HeII)。
  • 使用丰度法估算周围结构的暗物质晕质量。
Figure 1: Left column: JWST/NIRCAM F277W continuum image with Ly $\alpha$ emission map overlaid as red dashed contours (2,3,4 and 5 $\sigma$ levels). For each row, we also plot the mask used to extract the spectrum on the right as blue solid lines. These regions were selected to estimate the total L
Figure 1: Left column: JWST/NIRCAM F277W continuum image with Ly $\alpha$ emission map overlaid as red dashed contours (2,3,4 and 5 $\sigma$ levels). For each row, we also plot the mask used to extract the spectrum on the right as blue solid lines. These regions were selected to estimate the total L

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1GN-z11 在 z=10.603 时,其 Lyα 光晕的范围和表面亮度轮廓是多少?
  • RQ2在不同光晕区域,Lyα 相对于 GN-z11 的系统性红移的速度偏移是多少?
  • RQ3伴随的 Lyα 发射斑块是否指示 GN-z11 周围的原星团环境?
  • RQ4GN-z11 区域与高红移下的模拟,以及与周围 Lyα 光晕在类星体和星-forming 银河中的比较?
  • RQ5推断的周围结构的暗物质晕质量及其与 Coma 样前身的一致性?

主要发现

  • GN-z11 周围的 Lyα 光晕在两种定义下的半径介于 0.8 到 3.2 kpc。
  • 中心区域的 Lyα 重心速度偏移为 520+66-55 km/s,NE 延伸区为 915+86-85 km/s。
  • Lyα 光晕的表面亮度和尺寸与 z~6 幂星体周围的光晕相符,而非星-forming 银河。
  • 在 GN-z11 约 0.4'' 东北方向检测到一个 Lyα 发射块,初步检测到 CIV],提示高离子化源。
  • 在东偏 2.1'' 处检测到第二个 Lyα 发射块,表明存在多个伴星和过密环境。
  • 初步原星团分析给出暗物质晕质量约为 ~2.96(+0.44,-0.39)×10^10 M☉,与 z≈10.6 的 Coma 类群前身相符。
Figure 2: Comparison of the Ly $\alpha$ halo surface brightness of GN-z11 to the profiles of Ly $\alpha$ halos around star-forming galaxies at z=5.0-6.0 (red shaded region Wisotzki et al., 2018 ) and quasars z=5.7-6.6 (yellow and orange shaded region Farina et al., 2019 ) . For the quasars from Fari
Figure 2: Comparison of the Ly $\alpha$ halo surface brightness of GN-z11 to the profiles of Ly $\alpha$ halos around star-forming galaxies at z=5.0-6.0 (red shaded region Wisotzki et al., 2018 ) and quasars z=5.7-6.6 (yellow and orange shaded region Farina et al., 2019 ) . For the quasars from Fari

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