[论文解读] Guidance, Navigation and Control of Multirobot Systems in Cooperative Cliff Climbing
本文提出一种协作式多机器人系统,采用弹簧连接的机器人,配备反作用轮和带刺抓握执行器,可在低重力天体的陡峭悬崖和崎岖地形上攀爬。通过抓握机构锚定并采用分布式控制,即使一个机器人滑落,系统仍能实现安全、可重构的攀爬,仿真结果表明该系统适用于行星探测任务。
The application of GNC devices on small robots is a game-changer that enables these robots to be mobile on low-gravity planetary surfaces and small bodies. Use of reaction wheels enables these robots to roll, hop, summersault and rest on precarious/sloped surfaces that would otherwise not be possible with conven-tional wheeled robots. We are extending this technology to enable robots to climb off-world canyons, cliffs and caves. A single robot may slip and fall, however, a multirobot system can work cooperatively by being interlinked using spring-tethers and work much like a team of mountaineers to systematically climb a slope. A multirobot system as we will show in this paper can climb sur-faces not possible with a single robot alone. We consider a team of four robots that are interlinked with tethers in an 'x' configuration. Each robot secures itself to a slope using spiny gripping actuators, and one by one each robot moves up-wards by crawling, rolling or hopping up the slope. If any one of the robots loses grip, slips or falls, the remaining robots will be holding it up as they are anchored. This distributed controls approach to cliff climbing enables the system to reconfigure itself where possible and avoid getting stuck at one hard to reach location. Instead, the risk is distributed and through close cooperation, the robots can identify multiple trajectories to climb a cliff or rugged surface. The benefits can also be realized on milligravity surfaces such as asteroids. Too fast a jump can result in the robot flying off the surface into space. Having multiple robots anchored to the surface keeps the entire system secure. Our work combines dynamics and control simulation to evaluate the feasibility of our approach. The simulation results show a promising pathway towards advanced development of this technology on a team of real robots.
研究动机与目标
- 实现自主攀爬低重力行星天体的悬崖,避免单个机器人因打滑或失稳而失败。
- 开发一种分布式控制策略,使机器人团队能够动态重构并维持攀爬过程中的系统完整性。
- 利用弹簧连接的机械互联方式分担风险,防止因单个机器人失去抓握而导致系统完全失效。
- 通过动态仿真,验证四台机器人以“X”形构型协作攀爬的可行性。
提出的方法
- 机器人配备反作用轮,以实现滚动、跳跃和斜坡上的受控运动。
- 每个机器人使用带刺抓握执行器在攀爬过程中牢固锚定在悬崖表面。
- 机器人通过“X”形构型的弹簧连接件相互连接,实现机械与控制耦合。
- 采用分布式控制框架,使每个机器人能够独立导航,同时保持系统稳定与协调。
- 利用动力学与控制仿真,模拟机器人运动、抓握保持力以及打滑或坠落等故障场景。
- 系统设计支持动态重构,可探索多种路径以避开障碍物或陷入卡滞状态。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1四台配备反作用轮和抓握执行器的弹簧连接机器人能否以协作方式成功攀爬陡峭崎岖的悬崖?
- RQ2当一台机器人打滑或失去抓握时,分布式控制架构如何维持系统稳定性?
- RQ3弹簧连接在攀爬过程中如何分担风险并防止系统全面失效?
- RQ4反作用轮和抓握执行器如何在低重力、高坡度表面上实现受控运动?
- RQ5当遇到障碍物或运动失败时,系统能否动态重构以寻找替代路径?
主要发现
- 仿真结果证实,采用四台弹簧连接的机器人、配备反作用轮和抓握执行器的团队可实现协作攀爬。
- 即使一台机器人打滑,系统仍能保持稳定,其余机器人通过缆绳将其悬吊,防止坠落。
- 分布式控制方法支持动态重构,使团队能够探索多种攀爬路径。
- 反作用轮的使用使机器人能够在不稳定的表面上实现受控的运动模式,如滚动、跳跃和后空翻。
- 弹簧连接结构能有效分散机械应力,降低系统性故障的风险。
- 该方法特别适用于毫重力环境(如小行星),因为在这些环境中失控跳跃可能导致逃逸表面。
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