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[论文解读] Hierarchical Trajectory Planning of Floating-Base Multi-Link Robot for Maneuvering in Confined Environments

Yicheng Chen, Jinjie Li|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 25, 2026
Robotic Path Planning Algorithms被引用 0
一句话总结

该论文提出了一个用于浮基多连杆机器人的分层轨迹规划框架,将全局锚点状态与本地可微优化相结合,以在有限空间中利用原始点云数据实现无碰撞、动态可行的机动。

ABSTRACT

Floating-base multi-link robots can change their shape during flight, making them well-suited for applications in confined environments such as autonomous inspection and search and rescue. However, trajectory planning for such systems remains an open challenge because the problem lies in a high-dimensional, constraint-rich space where collision avoidance must be addressed together with kinematic limits and dynamic feasibility. This work introduces a hierarchical trajectory planning framework that integrates global guidance with configuration-aware local optimization. First, we exploit the dual nature of these robots - the root link as a rigid body for guidance and the articulated joints for flexibility - to generate global anchor states that decompose the planning problem into tractable segments. Second, we design a local trajectory planner that optimizes each segment in parallel with differentiable objectives and constraints, systematically enforcing kinematic feasibility and maintaining dynamic feasibility by avoiding control singularities. Third, we implement a complete system that directly processes point-cloud data, eliminating the need for handcrafted obstacle models. Extensive simulations and real-world experiments confirm that this framework enables an articulated aerial robot to exploit its morphology for maneuvering that rigid robots cannot achieve. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first planning framework for floating-base multi-link robots that has been demonstrated on a real robot to generate continuous, collision-free, and dynamically feasible trajectories directly from raw point-cloud inputs, without relying on handcrafted obstacle models.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决受限环境中浮基多连杆机器人在导航与构型变化方面的问题。
  • 通过将高维规划分解为使用全局锚点状态的分段来构建可处理的规划方法。
  • 确保每个段内的防碰撞、运动学可行性与动态可控性。
  • 实现直接处理点云数据而无需手工障碍物模型。
  • 在仿真和实际实验中演示框架的有效性以验证效果。

提出的方法

  • 引入全局锚点状态,利用根连杆作为刚性引导、关节作为柔性执行器来划分规划问题。
  • 通过两阶段过程生成全局锚点状态:低维度的A*引导的根路径规划和局部配置空间目标集评估。
  • 对于锚点状态之间的每个段,使用夹紧的B样条参数化来表示具有边界连续性的轨迹。
  • 对每个段进行并行、完全可微的本地优化,以在遵守运动约束的同时实现防碰撞与可控性。
  • 直接将点云数据用于碰撞检测,无需手工障碍物模型。
  • 通过B样条参数化和段拼接在段之间维持连续性。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1如何将全局引导与局部优化结合起来,在有限空间中为浮基多连杆机器人规划轨迹?
  • RQ2全局锚点状态是否能实现高维规划的分解,使其成为可并行求解的独立段?
  • RQ3在如此机器人上,如何在可微优化框架中实现碰撞避免与可控性?
  • RQ4是否可以直接从原始点云数据生成并验证轨迹,而无需手工障碍物模型?
  • RQ5在仿真与真实世界实验中,所提框架的实际效果如何?

主要发现

  • 具有全局锚点状态的分层框架使规划问题分解为可并行求解的独立段。
  • 局部轨迹使用夹紧的B样条参数化,确保段间连续性并满足可微目标与约束。
  • 该方法直接处理点云数据进行碰撞检测,消除了对手工障碍物模型的需求。
  • 大量仿真和真实世界实验表明,关节式空中机器人在受限空间的机动性优于刚性机器人。
  • 该方法是第一批在真实机器人上演示的浮基多连杆机器人规划框架,用于从原始传感器生成连续、无碰撞、动态可行的轨迹。

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