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[论文解读] High-Efficiency Low-Noise Optomechanical Crystal Photon-Phonon Transducers

Sameer Sonar, Utku Hatipoğlu|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 22, 2024
Mechanical and Optical Resonators被引用 4
一句话总结

本文提出一种侧向耦合的二维光机械晶体(2D-OMC)谐振器,在毫开尔文温度下实现声致加热降低六倍,实现93.1 ± 0.8%的声子-光子转换效率,仅增加0.25 ± 0.01个量子噪声。该设计在保持倏逝耦合的同时,将机械波导与光学波导分离,显著降低了寄生吸收引起的热噪声。

ABSTRACT

Optomechanical crystals (OMCs) enable coherent interactions between optical photons and microwave acoustic phonons, and represent a platform for implementing quantum transduction between microwave and optical signals. Optical absorption-induced thermal noise at cryogenic (millikelvin) temperatures is one of the primary limitations of performance for OMC-based quantum transducers. Here, we address this challenge with a two-dimensional silicon OMC resonator that is side-coupled to a mechanically detached optical waveguide, realizing a six-fold reduction in the heating rate of the acoustic resonator compared to prior state-of-the-art, while operating in a regime of high optomechanical-backaction and millikelvin base temperature. This reduced heating translates into a demonstrated phonon-to-photon conversion efficiency of 93.1 $\pm$ 0.8% at an added noise of 0.25 $\pm$ 0.01 quanta, representing a significant advance toward quantum-limited microwave-optical frequency conversion and optically-controlled quantum acoustic memories.

研究动机与目标

  • 为解决在毫开尔文温度下运行的光机械晶体(OMCs)中由光学吸收引起的热噪声问题。
  • 在不损害光机械耦合或光学品质因数的前提下,降低声学谐振器的加热。
  • 通过最小化额外噪声,实现高保真度的量子转换和光学控制的量子声学存储。
  • 设计一种机械上分离的侧向耦合二维OMC结构,在保持倏逝光学耦合的同时,将谐振腔与热流入隔离。

提出的方法

  • 在绝缘体上硅(SOI)衬底上设计二维硅光机械晶体(OMC),采用雪花晶格和中心鱼骨波导,以限制光模式与声模式。
  • 采用侧向耦合的光学波导,该波导在机械上与OMC谐振腔分离,但通过半朵雪花单元结构保持倏逝光学耦合。
  • 利用有限元法(FEM)仿真优化光模式与声模式分布,在1550 nm和10.3 GHz处分别实现强局域化。
  • 采用光机械边带测温法测量在连续波与脉冲光激发下的有效声子 bath 温度与加热速率。
  • 对加热速率进行幂律标度分析,以提取声子 bath 的维度并识别主导的阻尼机制。
  • 通过在不同光功率和基底温度下测量声子-光子转换,测定转换效率与额外噪声。
Figure 2: Characterization of optical absorption-induced hot bath. a, Schematic showing interactions of the acoustic resonator with various baths considered in our heating model. b, Schematic of measurement setup for time-resolved measurements of the hot bath using single-photon counting on the opti
Figure 2: Characterization of optical absorption-induced hot bath. a, Schematic showing interactions of the acoustic resonator with various baths considered in our heating model. b, Schematic of measurement setup for time-resolved measurements of the hot bath using single-photon counting on the opti

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1将光学波导与OMC谐振腔机械解耦,是否可减少寄生加热而不降低光学耦合?
  • RQ2降低加热对毫开尔文温度下光机械转换中声子占据数与额外噪声的影响如何?
  • RQ3与以往的一维(1D)及端面耦合OMC相比,侧向耦合的2D OMC结构在加热速率与转换效率方面表现如何?
  • RQ4在高功率工作区,该2D OMC中的声子 bath 维度与主导阻尼机制是什么?
  • RQ5该器件能否在连续波运行下实现接近量子极限的性能,具备低额外噪声与高效率?

主要发现

  • 与先前最先进的OMC相比,侧向耦合的2D OMC设计使声学谐振器的加热速率降低了六倍。
  • 在脉冲激发下,声子-光子转换效率达到93.1 ± 0.8%,仅增加0.25 ± 0.01个额外量子噪声。
  • 在连续波运行中,器件实现97%的转换效率,热占据数仅为0.42,比一维OMC低一个数量级。
  • 单光子后脉冲率提升至465 Hz(相比1D-OMC的20 Hz),光子符合率达21 Hz,提升约500倍。
  • 加热速率的幂律标度分析表明,声子 bath 维度约为2,与二维热传导一致,在高功率区呈现0.29次幂关系。
  • 器件展现出高达1.1 MHz的光机械反作用速率,支持在毫开尔文温度下实现强耦合与高效量子转换。
Figure 3: Phonon-to-photon transduction under continuous-wave excitation. a, Schematic of measurement setup showing single-photon counting of up-converted photons at the optical resonance frequency with the OMC pumped continuously on the red-detuned sideband ( $\Delta=-\Omega_{\text{m}}$ ) of the op
Figure 3: Phonon-to-photon transduction under continuous-wave excitation. a, Schematic of measurement setup showing single-photon counting of up-converted photons at the optical resonance frequency with the OMC pumped continuously on the red-detuned sideband ( $\Delta=-\Omega_{\text{m}}$ ) of the op

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