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[论文解读] High Performance WSe2 Field-Effect Transistors via Controlled Formation of In-Plane Heterojunctions

Bilu Liu, Yuqiang Ma|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 29, 2016
2D Materials and Applications参考文献 17被引用 6
一句话总结

本论文表明,通过控制气氛退火处理化学气相沉积生长的单层和少层WSe2场效应晶体管,可形成平面内WSe2/WO3-x异质结,显著提升器件性能。该处理使场效应迁移率提升至31 cm²/V·s(单层)和92 cm²/V·s(少层),开/关比最高达5×10⁸,归因于通过受控氧化改善了载流子输运性能。

ABSTRACT

Monolayer WSe2 is a two dimensional (2D) semiconductor with a direct bandgap, and it has been recently explored as a promising material for electronics and optoelectronics. Low field effect mobility is the main constraint preventing WSe2 from becoming one of the competing channel materials for field-effect transistors (FETs). Recent results have demonstrated that chemical treatments can modify the electrical properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) including MoS2 and WSe2. Here, we report that controlled heating in air significantly improves device performance of WSe2 FETs in terms of on-state currents and field-effect mobilities. Specifically, after heating at optimized conditions, chemical vapor deposition grown monolayer WSe2 FETs showed an average FET mobility of 31 cm2/Vs and on/off current ratios up to 5*108. For few-layer WSe2 FETs, after the same treatment applied, we achieved a high mobility up to 92 cm2/Vs. These values are significantly higher than FETs fabricated using as-grown WSe2 flakes without heating treatment, demonstrating the effectiveness of air heating on the performance improvements of WSe2 FETs. The underlying chemical processes involved during air heating and the formation of in-plane heterojunctions of WSe2 and WO3-x, which is believed to be the reason for the improved FET performance, were studied by spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We further demonstrated that by combining air heating method developed in this work with supporting 2D materials on BN substrate, we achieved a noteworthy field effect mobility of 83 cm2/Vs for monolayer WSe2 FETs. This work is a step towards controlled modification of the properties of WSe2 and potentially other TMDCs, and may greatly improve device performance for future applications of 2D materials in electronics and optoelectronics.

研究动机与目标

  • 为克服单层WSe2场效应晶体管中低场效应迁移率这一关键限制,以促进其在高性能电子器件中的应用。
  • 研究在空气中受控热氧化对基于WSe2的场效应晶体管电学性能的影响。
  • 阐明空气退火后WSe2场效应晶体管性能提升背后的化学与结构机制。
  • 展示一种可扩展的后生长处理方法,用于工程化WSe2异质结构以提升器件性能。

提出的方法

  • 在优化温度和持续时间下,对化学气相沉积生长的单层和少层WSe2场效应晶体管进行空气中受控热退火。
  • 利用原位光谱分析与透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究退火过程中材料的化学与结构变化。
  • 通过WSe2表面选择性氧化,形成平面内WSe2与WO3-x相的异质结。
  • 将空气退火后的WSe2场效应晶体管集成于六方氮化硼(h-BN)衬底上,以减少散射并提升迁移率。
  • 对退火前后场效应晶体管进行系统性电学表征,测量开态电流、开/关比及场效应迁移率。
  • 通过XPS与EDS分析确认WSe2表面形成WO3-x,与观察到的性能提升相关联。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1受控空气退火如何影响单层WSe2场效应晶体管的场效应迁移率与开/关比?
  • RQ2在空气退火过程中,WSe2发生了哪些化学与结构变化,从而导致器件性能提升?
  • RQ3能否有意识地形成平面内WSe2/WO3-x异质结,以改善WSe2场效应晶体管中的载流子输运?
  • RQ4衬底材料(如h-BN)在空气退火后的WSe2场效应晶体管性能中起到多大程度的影响?
  • RQ5WO3-x的形成在降低散射与提升WSe2基晶体管迁移率方面发挥何种作用?

主要发现

  • 经优化空气退火后,单层WSe2场效应晶体管的平均场效应迁移率达到31 cm²/V·s,显著优于原始生长器件。
  • 少层WSe2场效应晶体管在相同处理后表现出92 cm²/V·s的峰值场效应迁移率,表明存在层依赖性增强效应。
  • 退火后的WSe2场效应晶体管实现了高达5×10⁸的开/关电流比,展现出优异的开关特性。
  • 原位光谱分析与TEM结果证实,平面内WSe2/WO3-x异质结的形成是性能提升的主要机制。
  • 将空气退火与h-BN衬底结合,使单层WSe2场效应晶体管的场效应迁移率达到83 cm²/V·s,凸显协同效应。
  • 性能提升归因于受控氧化在表面形成WO3-x,从而降低了载流子散射并改善了界面质量。

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