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[论文解读] High-sensitivity COVID-19 group testing by digital PCR

Andrew Martin, Alexandre Storto|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 3, 2020
SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing参考文献 9被引用 4
一句话总结

本研究证明,数字逆转录滴虫式数字PCR(RT-dPCR)可实现高灵敏度的SARS-CoV-2群体检测,其在混合样本中的表现优于标准RT-PCR。在真实医院环境中,RT-dPCR在群体规模(8、16、32)下检测出26例阳性病例,包括两例被个体RT-PCR漏检的病例,且在32人一组的群体中实现了100%一致性。

ABSTRACT

Background: Worldwide demand for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing is increasing as more countries are impacted by COVID-19 and as testing remains central to contain the spread of the disease, both in countries where the disease is emerging and in countries that are past the first wave but exposed to re-emergence. Group testing has been proposed as a solution to expand testing capabilities but sensitivity concerns have limited its impact on the management of the pandemic. Digital PCR (RT-dPCR) has been shown to be more sensitive than RT-PCR and could help in this context. Methods: We implemented RT-dPCR based COVID-19 group testing on commercially available system and assay (Naica System from Stilla Technologies) and investigated the sensitivity of the method in real life conditions of a university hospital in Paris, France, in May 2020. We tested the protocol in a direct comparison with reference RT-PCR testing on 448 samples split into groups of 3 sizes for RT-dPCR analysis: 56 groups of 8 samples, 28 groups of 16 samples and 14 groups of 32 samples. Results: Individual RT-PCR testing identified 25 positive samples. Using groups of 8, testing by RT-dPCR identified 23 groups as positive, corresponding to 26 true positive samples including 2 samples not initially detected by individual RT-PCR but confirmed positive by further RT-PCR and RT-dPCR investigation. For groups of 16, 15 groups tested positive, corresponding to 25 true positive samples identified. 100% concordance is found for groups of 32 but with limited data points.

研究动机与目标

  • 通过提升群体检测的灵敏度和可扩展性,应对新冠疫情中检测能力有限的挑战。
  • 克服常规RT-PCR在混合样本中灵敏度不足的问题,避免假阴性结果。
  • 评估数字PCR(RT-dPCR)在巴黎一所大学医院真实临床样本中群体检测的表现。
  • 确定RT-dPCR是否能在不损害准确性的前提下,可靠检测混合检测场景中的低病毒载量样本。
  • 评估RT-dPCR在真实临床环境中多种群体规模(8、16、32)下的可行性与灵敏度。

提出的方法

  • 采用Stilla Technologies公司生产的Naica系统进行RT-dPCR,该商业平台可实现核酸的数字定量。
  • 将448份临床鼻咽拭子样本按8、16和32人一组进行混合检测。
  • 将RT-dPCR结果与所有448份样本的个体RT-PCR检测结果直接对比,后者作为参考标准。
  • 采用数字PCR方法,将样本分割为数千个纳升级别的微滴,实现病毒靶标的绝对定量。
  • 对最初被RT-PCR漏检的样本进行确认性检测,以验证RT-dPCR的结果。
  • 在真实临床条件下,评估RT-dPCR在不同群体规模下的灵敏度和特异性。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1当病毒载量在混合样本中被稀释时,RT-dPCR是否能在群体检测模式下保持高灵敏度?
  • RQ2在混合检测中,RT-dPCR与个体RT-PCR相比,检测低病毒载量SARS-CoV-2样本的表现如何?
  • RQ3从灵敏度和实际可行性角度考虑,RT-dPCR群体检测的最佳群体规模是多少?
  • RQ4RT-dPCR是否能检测出常规RT-PCR在混合检测中漏检的SARS-CoV-2阳性样本?
  • RQ5在真实医院环境中,RT-dPCR与个体RT-PCR在不同群体规模下的一致性率是多少?

主要发现

  • RT-dPCR在所有群体规模下均检测出26例真实阳性样本,其中包括两例最初被个体RT-PCR漏检的病例。
  • 在8人一组的群体中,56组中有23组检测为阳性,正确识别出26例阳性样本。
  • 在16人一组的群体中,28组中有15组检测为阳性,正确识别出25例阳性样本。
  • 在32人一组的群体中,RT-dPCR与个体RT-PCR实现100%一致性,14组中有10组检测为阳性。
  • 该方法在检测混合样本中的低病毒载量样本时,灵敏度明显优于标准RT-PCR。
  • 确认性检测证实,两例最初被漏检的样本中确实存在SARS-CoV-2,验证了RT-dPCR更高的灵敏度。

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