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[论文解读] Hot subdwarf wind models with accurate abundances I. Hydrogen dominated stars HD 49798 and BD+18$^\circ\,$2647

Jiřı́ Krtička, Ján Janík|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 27, 2019
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies参考文献 89被引用 4
一句话总结

本研究利用高分辨率紫外和光学光谱获得的精确、非太阳表面丰度,对富含氢的热亚矮星HD 49798和BD+18°2647中的辐射驱动风进行了建模。研究发现,尽管在类似HD 49798的氢燃烧恒星中,真实丰度对风的质量损失率影响较弱,但BD+18°2647中由扩散引起的丰度异常完全抑制了风的形成,解释了其无可观测风的原因,并凸显了非太阳化学成分在风预测中的关键作用。

ABSTRACT

Hot subdwarfs are helium burning objects in late stages of their evolution. These stars can develop winds driven by light absorption in the lines of heavier elements. The wind strength depends on chemical composition which can significantly vary from star to star. We aim to understand the influence of metallicity on the strength of the winds of the hot hydrogen-rich subdwarfs HD 49798 and BD+18$^\circ\,$2647. We used UV and optical spectra to derive stellar parameters and abundances. For derived stellar parameters, we predicted wind structure (including mass-loss rates and terminal velocities) with our METUJE code. We derived effective temperature $T_ ext{eff}=45\,900\,$K and mass $M=1.46\,M_\odot$ for HD 49798 and $T_ ext{eff}=73\,000\,$K and $M=0.38\,M_\odot$ for BD+18$^\circ\,$2647. The abundances can be interpreted as a result of interplay between stellar evolution and diffusion. HD 49798 has a strong wind that does not allow for chemical separation and consequently it shows solar chemical composition modified by hydrogen burning. On the other hand, we did not find any wind in BD+18$^\circ\,$2647 and its abundances are therefore most likely affected by radiative diffusion. Accurate abundances do not lead to a significant modification of wind mass-loss rate for HD 49798, because the increase of the contribution of Fe and Ni to the radiative force is compensated by the decrease of the force due to other elements. The resulting wind mass-loss rate $\dot M=2.1 imes10^{-9}\,M_\odot\, ext{yr}^{-1}$ predicts an X-ray light curve during the eclipse which closely agrees with observations. On the other hand, the absence of the wind in BD+18$^\circ\,$2647 for accurate abundances is a result of its peculiar chemical composition. Wind models with accurate abundances provide more reliable wind parameters, but the influence of abundances on the wind parameters is limited in many cases.

研究动机与目标

  • 研究非太阳表面丰度如何影响热亚矮星中辐射驱动风的特性。
  • 通过使用观测导出的精确丰度而非太阳标度组成,解决风质量损失率预测中的差异。
  • 确定像HD 49798和BD+18°2647这样的亚矮星中风的存在或缺失是由化学成分还是恒星参数驱动的。
  • 评估辐射扩散和重力沉降对低金属量、演化后亚矮星中风形成的影响。
  • 改进包含热亚矮星的双星系统中X射线光曲线的风模型预测。

提出的方法

  • 利用HST、VLT/UVES和IUE/FUSE的高分辨率紫外和光学光谱,推导恒星参数和表面丰度。
  • 应用非-LTE大气模型(TLUSTY)和谱线合成(SYNSPEC),以确定有效温度、表面重力和元素丰度。
  • 通过演化模型和HD 49798的双星系统约束,确定恒星质量。
  • 使用全局风模型(METUJE)基于推导出的丰度和恒星参数,预测质量损失率和终端速度。
  • 模拟风驱动的X射线光曲线,并与观测的食光曲线进行比较,以验证预测结果。
  • 通过与太阳标度组成模型的对比,测试风强度对丰度变化的敏感性。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1精确的非太阳表面丰度如何影响富含氢的热亚矮星中预测的质量损失率?
  • RQ2尽管有效温度很高,BD+18°2647为何未表现出可探测的风,这是否由其化学成分导致?
  • RQ3与太阳标度组成相比,辐射扩散和重力沉降在多大程度上改变了风驱动力?
  • RQ4能否使用具有真实丰度的风模型准确重现HD 49798的观测X射线食光曲线?
  • RQ5为何在温度相似但丰度模式不同的恒星之间,风预测存在显著差异?

主要发现

  • HD 49798的有效温度为45,900 K,质量为1.46 M☉,与双星演化模型一致。
  • HD 49798的风质量损失率为2.1 × 10⁻⁹ M☉ yr⁻¹,与观测的X射线食光曲线高度吻合。
  • 尽管铁和镍丰度增强,由于辐射力的增加与减少相互补偿,非太阳丰度对HD 49798的风强度无显著影响。
  • BD+18°2647的有效温度更高,达73,000 K,质量更低,为0.38 M☉,轻元素丰度低于太阳,铁过量,表明存在强烈的辐射扩散。
  • BD+18°2647中无风的存在归因于其异常的丰度分布,尽管光度高,但其抑制了线驱动加速度。
  • 这些恒星中约有三分之一的线驱动力来自观测光谱区域无法探测的元素,这给风预测带来了不确定性。

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