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[论文解读] Hydroelectric Generation Forecasting with Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Based Deep Learning Model for Turkey

Mehmet Bulut|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 18, 2021
Energy Load and Power Forecasting参考文献 18被引用 4
一句话总结

本研究提出一种基于长短期记忆(LSTM)网络的深度学习模型,利用10至12年的历史生产数据,预测土耳其的月度水力发电量。100层LSTM模型在年度预测中实现了0.1311的MAPE(13.1%),月度平均MAPE为1.09%,表明当训练数据不少于120个月时,该模型在长期水电预测中具有极高精度。

ABSTRACT

Hydroelectricity is one of the renewable energy source, has been used for many years in Turkey. The production of hydraulic power plants based on water reservoirs varies based on different parameters. For this reason, the estimation of hydraulic production gains importance in terms of the planning of electricity generation. In this article, the estimation of Turkey's monthly hydroelectricity production has been made with the long-short-term memory (LSTM) network-based deep learning model. The designed deep learning model is based on hydraulic production time series and future production planning for many years. By using real production data and different LSTM deep learning models, their performance on the monthly forecast of hydraulic electricity generation of the next year has been examined. The obtained results showed that the use of time series based on real production data for many years and deep learning model together is successful in long-term prediction. In the study, it is seen that the 100-layer LSTM model, in which 120 months (10 years) hydroelectric generation time data are used according to the RMSE and MAPE values, are the highest model in terms of estimation accuracy, with a MAPE value of 0.1311 (13.1%) in the annual total and 1.09% as the monthly average distribution. In this model, the best results were obtained for the 100-layer LSTM model, in which the time data of 144 months (12 years) hydroelectric generation data are used, with a RMSE value of 29,689 annually and 2474.08 in monthly distribution. According to the results of the study, time data covering at least 120 months of production is recommended to create an acceptable hydropower forecasting model with LSTM.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种深度学习模型,以实现对土耳其水电发电量的高精度长期预测。
  • 评估不同LSTM架构在使用不同长度历史水电生产数据时的性能表现。
  • 确定最小化年度和月度预测误差的最优模型深度与输入序列长度。
  • 基于RMSE和MAPE等模型性能指标,提供数据驱动的水电规划建议。

提出的方法

  • 本研究采用长短期记忆(LSTM)循环神经网络,以捕捉水电发电时间序列中的时间依赖性。
  • 使用覆盖长达12年(144个月)的土耳其月度水电生产历史数据作为输入特征。
  • 训练并比较多种具有不同深度(如100层)和序列长度(120至144个月)的LSTM模型。
  • 通过均方根误差(RMSE)和平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)对年度和月度预测的模型性能进行评估。
  • 根据测试周期内RMSE和MAPE最低的标准,选择表现最佳的模型。
  • 超参数调优聚焦于序列长度和网络深度,以优化长期预测精度。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在土耳其使用LSTM模型进行长期预测时,历史水电生产数据的最优序列长度是多少?
  • RQ2LSTM网络的深度如何影响月度和年度水电发电量的预测精度?
  • RQ3基于真实生产数据的深度学习模型能否实现对土耳其水电输出的可靠长期预测?
  • RQ4构建高精度LSTM基水电预测模型的最低数据需求(以月为单位)是多少?

主要发现

  • 在144个月(12年)历史数据上训练的100层LSTM模型,年度预测的RMSE最低,为29,689,月度预测的RMSE为2,474.08。
  • 同一模型在年度总发电量上的MAPE为0.1311(13.1%),月度平均分布的MAPE为1.09%,表明预测精度极高。
  • 使用至少120个月(10年)的历史数据可显著提升预测性能,且在144个月后收益递减。
  • 100层架构在RMSE和MAPE指标上均优于浅层模型,凸显深层网络在长期时间建模中的优势。
  • 本研究证实,基于长历史序列训练的LSTM模型能够有效捕捉水电发电中的季节性和长期趋势。
  • 结果支持在数据丰富的地区(如土耳其)采用LSTM的深度学习方法,实现可靠的长期水电规划。

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