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[论文解读] Hydrophobically gated memristive nanopores for neuromorphic applications

Gonçalo Paulo, Ke Sun|PubMed|Jun 21, 2023
Advanced Memory and Neural Computing参考文献 75被引用 6
一句话总结

本研究提出一种仿生疏水门控忆阻纳米孔(HyMN),模仿生物离子通道,实现纳米尺度、低功耗的神经形态计算。通过电压控制的电润湿形成纳米气泡以门控离子流,该器件表现出忆阻器的磁滞特性,并作为可调谐突触,具备学习与遗忘功能,其有效性通过分子动力学模拟、连续介质建模以及对突变FraC纳米孔的电生理实验得到验证。

ABSTRACT

Signal transmission in the brain relies on voltage-gated ion channels, which exhibit the electrical behaviour of memristors, resistors with memory. State-of-the-art technologies currently employ semiconductor-based neuromorphic approaches, which have already demonstrated their efficacy in machine learning systems. However, these approaches still cannot match performance achieved by biological neurons in terms of energy efficiency and size. In this study, we utilise molecular dynamics simulations, continuum models, and electrophysiological experiments to propose and realise a bioinspired hydrophobically gated memristive nanopore. Our findings indicate that hydrophobic gating enables memory through an electrowetting mechanism, and we establish simple design rules accordingly. Through the engineering of a biological nanopore, we successfully replicate the characteristic hysteresis cycles of a memristor and construct a synaptic device capable of learning and forgetting. This advancement offers a promising pathway for the realization of nanoscale, cost- and energy-effective, and adaptable bioinspired memristors.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种受生物离子通道启发的纳米尺度、低功耗神经形态器件,具备忆阻行为。
  • 通过离子电子学原理克服基于半导体的神经形态系统局限,实现更低功耗与更高生物相容性。
  • 通过疏水效应与电润湿而非复杂蛋白质构象变化,设计一种简单、鲁棒的门控机制。
  • 通过生物纳米孔中可控的离子电流磁滞,实现突触可塑性(学习与遗忘)。
  • 基于自由能分布与电压依赖的开关动力学,建立疏水门控纳米孔的设计规则。

提出的方法

  • 利用受限分子动力学(RMD)模拟计算水分数(ξw)随时间变化时,水填充疏水纳米孔的自由能分布。
  • 建立连续介质模型,描述纳米孔在湿润与干燥状态之间切换的电压依赖性速率(kw 和 kd)。
  • 构建G6F,G13F-FraC突变纳米孔以增强疏水性,实现无活动部件的气泡介导门控。
  • 通过平面脂质双分子层电生理实验,采用电压钳协议测量离子电流-电压(I-V)磁滞循环。
  • 利用电穿孔与亲和纯化(Ni-NTA)方法表达并分离功能性的FraC寡聚体用于实验测试。
  • 应用电润湿控制纳米孔界面的疏水-亲水平衡,实现电压门控切换。
Figure 1: Simple model of a memristive hydrophobic nanopore . a) Atomistic representation of a cylindrical hydrophobic nanopore immersed in water. The nanopore can switch between the wet and dry state with rates $k_{w}$ and $k_{d}$ respectively. These rates depend on the applied voltage across the m
Figure 1: Simple model of a memristive hydrophobic nanopore . a) Atomistic representation of a cylindrical hydrophobic nanopore immersed in water. The nanopore can switch between the wet and dry state with rates $k_{w}$ and $k_{d}$ respectively. These rates depend on the applied voltage across the m

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1通过电压控制的气泡形成,疏水门控纳米孔是否能表现出忆阻行为?
  • RQ2水填充疏水纳米孔的自由能分布如何依赖于外加电压与孔道几何结构?
  • RQ3能否通过离子电流磁滞,将生物纳米孔工程化为具备学习与遗忘能力的突触可塑性结构?
  • RQ4实现稳定、可重复且可调谐的忆阻行为,离子电子学纳米孔的关键设计规则是什么?
  • RQ5电润湿机制在多大程度上可替代生物离子通道中复杂的电压感应结构,用于神经形态应用?

主要发现

  • 该疏水门控纳米孔在I-V曲线中表现出“夹断”型磁滞回线,符合Chua(1971)对忆阻器的定义。
  • 施加电压可诱导电润湿,促进纳米气泡形成,使孔道从导电(湿润)状态切换至非导电(干燥)状态,从而实现记忆功能。
  • G6F,G13F-FraC突变纳米孔成功再现了忆阻磁滞特性,其可测量的开关速率(kw 和 kd)与外加电压相关。
  • 该器件表现出突触可塑性:通过重复刺激增加电导率实现学习,通过反向过程实现遗忘,模拟生物突触行为。
  • 分子动力学模拟显示,水填充的自由能垒随电压升高而增大,稳定干燥状态,从而实现记忆保持。
  • 该系统作为一维离子电子忆阻器,无活动部件,提供一种可扩展、低成本、低功耗的神经形态计算平台。
Figure 2: Design criteria for HyMNs . a) The intersection of the 4 main design criteria exposed in the main text define a white region in the diameter vs. aspect ratio plane where hydrophobic gating is expected. Here, contact angle $104^{\circ}$ and maximum voltage $\Delta V^{\ast}=0.2$ V are assume
Figure 2: Design criteria for HyMNs . a) The intersection of the 4 main design criteria exposed in the main text define a white region in the diameter vs. aspect ratio plane where hydrophobic gating is expected. Here, contact angle $104^{\circ}$ and maximum voltage $\Delta V^{\ast}=0.2$ V are assume

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