[论文解读] Impacts of Jet Stream Structure on Cyclone Merging and Persistent Anticyclones: Insights from Dry Idealized Simulations

Mingfei Ren, Gan Zhang+4 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 9, 2026

Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research被引用 0

一句话总结

论文使用干燥、绝热的理想化模拟，结合解析指定的喷流，展示喷流纬度、宽度和深度如何控制气旋增强、气旋合并和持续性反气旋。向极地偏移、更宽且更高的喷流能增强气旋合并并使持续性的静态反气旋成为前提条件。

ABSTRACT

Midlatitude jet streams exhibit substantial variability in latitude, width, and vertical depth on synoptic to multi-decadal timescales. While the upper-level dynamics of baroclinic waves have been extensively studied, the sensitivity of the extreme-generating, low-level phenomena to these variations remains underexplored. Here, we systematically investigate this sensitivity using dry, adiabatic idealized experiments with the GFDL FV3 dry dynamical core initialized with analytically specified jets. We identify jet variations that control synoptic-scale features of interest. Results indicate that poleward-shifted jets accelerate initial cyclone intensification and favor anticyclonic Rossby Wave Breaking (RWB). These wave-breaking tendencies are consistent with established baroclinic paradigms, validating the newly configured idealized simulations. Additionally, jet width regulates the likelihood of surface cyclone merging. Poleward-shifted, broader, and higher jets produce more frequent cyclone merging, generating intense wind extremes. Finally, we show that poleward-shifted, broad, deep jets dynamically precondition the flow for persistent stationary anticyclones in the absence of diabatic contributions. Together, these findings illustrate how changes in jet stream structure may modulate midlatitude weather extremes.

研究动机与目标

• 理解中纬度喷流结构变化如何影响超强天气现象的需求，而不仅仅是常规的热不稳波理论。
• 使用理想化干动力学来系统性测试喷流纬度、宽度与垂直深度对合成尺度特征的敏感性。

提出的方法

• 使用带有 GFDL FV3 干 dynamical core 的干燥、绝热实验。
• 以解析指定的喷流初始化模拟，从而探查喷流结构变化。
• 识别控制感兴趣的合成尺度特征的喷流配置。
• 评估喷流变化如何影响气旋增强、气旋合并及反气旋持续性。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 喷流纬度、宽度和深度的变化如何改变中纬度气旋的发展与合并？
• RQ2 在何种喷流配置下可在没有显热强迫的情况下产生持续的静态反气旋？
• RQ3 哪些动力机制将喷流结构与反气旋罗斯比波破碎和气旋相互作用联系起来？

主要发现

• 向极偏移的喷流加速初始气旋强化并有利于反气旋罗斯比波破碎（RWB）。
• 喷流宽度调控地表气旋合并的可能性。
• 向极偏移、较宽且较高的喷流会更频繁地产生气旋合并，从而产生强烈的风速极端。
• 向极偏移、宽且深的喷流在没有热力贡献的情况下对流场进行动力学性前置，使持续性静态反气旋成为可能。