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[论文解读] Imprinting persistent currents in tunable fermionic rings

Giulia Del Pace, Klejdja Xhani|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 13, 2022
Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data被引用 14
一句话总结

本论文展示了快速、通用的相位压印技术,实现了在可调谐费米环中跨BCS-BEC交叉区域对量化持久电流的制备与控制,实现了高达w = 9的按需循环。高保真度干涉测量读出与涡旋发射的直接成像表明,超流电流在样品寿命内保持亚稳态,临界循环w_c在单位度区域达到峰值,这是由于强相互作用所致,证实了相互作用强度在超流稳定性中的关键作用。

ABSTRACT

Persistent currents in annular geometries have played an important role in disclosing the quantum phase coherence of superconductors and mesoscopic electronic systems. Ultracold atomic gases in multiply connected traps also exhibit long-lived supercurrents, and have attracted much interest both for fundamental studies of superfluid dynamics and as prototypes for atomtronic circuits. Here, we report on the realization of supercurrents in homogeneous, tunable fermionic rings. We gain exquisite, rapid control over quantized persistent currents in all regimes of the BCS-BEC crossover through a universal phase-imprinting technique, attaining on-demand circulations $w$ as high as 9. High-fidelity read-out of the superfluid circulation state is achieved by exploiting an interferometric protocol, which also yields local information about the superfluid phase around the ring. In the absence of externally introduced perturbations, we find the induced metastable supercurrents to be as long-lived as the atomic sample. Conversely, we trigger and inspect the supercurrent decay by inserting a single small obstacle within the ring. For circulations higher than a critical value, the quantized current is observed to dissipate via the emission of vortices, i.e., quantized phase slips, which we directly image, in good agreement with numerical simulations. The critical circulation at which the superflow becomes unstable is found to depend starkly on the interaction strength, taking its maximum value for the unitary Fermi gas. Our results demonstrate fast and accurate control of quantized collective excitations in a macroscopic quantum system, and establish strongly interacting fermionic superfluids as excellent candidates for atomtronic applications.

研究动机与目标

  • 在跨BCS-BEC交叉区域的超冷费米环中,精确实现按需控制量化持久电流。
  • 在无外界扰动条件下,展示长寿命的亚稳态超流电流,利用拓扑保护机制。
  • 通过插入单个缺陷并观测涡旋发射动力学,探究超流电流的稳定性。
  • 确定相互作用强度(特别是单位度区域)对超流失稳临界循环w_c的影响。
  • 确立强相互作用费米超流体作为原子电子学应用的稳健候选者。

提出的方法

  • 采用通用相位压印技术,快速且精确地设定可调谐费米环中超流循环态w。
  • 利用干涉测量协议实现对循环态的高保真度读出,并提供环周围局部相位信息。
  • 在环中插入一个小型高斯形缺陷,以触发涡旋成核并研究超流电流衰减。
  • 基于含硬壁环势和多项式近似的Gross-Pitaevskii方程进行数值模拟,以建模不同相互作用区域的系统行为。
  • 利用多项式近似μ ∝ n^γ计算化学势μ与费米能EF,其中γ = 1(BEC)、2/3(BCS)和γ = 2/3 × ξ(单位度),与Luttinger-Ward结果一致。
  • 声速计算为c_s = √(γμ/m),其中BEC与单位度区域采用M = 2m。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1是否可在整个BCS-BEC交叉区域中,对费米环中的持久电流实现高保真度与快速控制?
  • RQ2在无外部扰动下,亚稳态超流电流的寿命有多长?
  • RQ3在费米超流体中,涡旋发射的临界循环w_c如何依赖于相互作用强度?
  • RQ4Bertsch参数ξ在决定单位度区域超流性质方面起什么作用?
  • RQ5涡旋发射动力学是否可被直接成像,并与数值模拟进行定量比较?

主要发现

  • 成功利用通用相位压印技术,将循环数w高达9的持久电流压印并稳定下来。
  • 在无扰动条件下,超流电流的寿命与原子样品相当,表明存在拓扑保护。
  • 在单位度费米气体区域,涡旋发射发生的临界循环w_c达到最大值,表明超流失稳受到最强抑制。
  • 涡旋发射被直接成像,发射涡旋数量与成核时间与数值模拟结果高度吻合。
  • 在单位度区域采用γ = 2/3 × ξ、BCS极限采用γ = 2/3的多项式近似,能准确再现μ与EF在各区域的行为。
  • 干涉测量读出协议实现了对循环态与局部相位绕数的高保真度测量,证实了超流态的量子化特性。

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