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[论文解读] Incoherent mode division multiplexing for high-security information encryption

Xin Liu, Sergey A. Ponomarenko|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 13, 2023
Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics被引用 4
一句话总结

本文提出了一种非相干模式复用方法,利用结构化随机光束的相干度作为广义模式,实现高安全性、高容量的光学信息加密。与相干方法不同,该方法消除了模式串扰,在信噪比低至-13.55 dB时仍能实现鲁棒、抗噪声的图像恢复,实验中结构相似性指数(SSIM)超过0.90,模拟中达到0.92。

ABSTRACT

In the age of information explosion, the conventional optical communication protocols are rapidly reaching the limits of their capacity, as almost all available degrees of freedom (e.g., wavelength, polarization) for division multiplexing have been explored to date. Recent advances in coherent mode division multiplexing have greatly facilitated high-speed optical communications and secure, high-capacity information storage and transfer. However, coherent mode division multiplexing is quite vulnerable to even minute environmental disturbances which can cause significant information loss. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a paradigm shift to incoherent mode division multiplexing for high-security optical information encryption by harnessing the degree of coherence of structured random light beams. In contrast to the conventional techniques, our approach does not require mode orthogonality to circumnavigate unwanted mode crosstalk. In addition, our protocol has, in principle, no upper bound on its capacity. Thanks to the extreme robustness of structured random light to external perturbations, we are able to achieve highly accurate information encryption and decryption in the adverse environment. The proposed protocol opens new horizons in an array of fields, such as optical communications and cryptography, and it can be relevant for information processing with acoustical, matter as well as other types of waves.

研究动机与目标

  • 为克服相干模式复用在实际光通信系统中因严重模式串扰和环境敏感性带来的局限性。
  • 开发一种抗噪声的光学加密协议,在湍流或散射等强环境扰动下仍能保持高保真度。
  • 利用结构化随机光束固有的鲁棒性——其相干度特性——实现高容量、安全的信息编码,无需依赖模式正交性。
  • 展示一种实用且实验验证的光学信息加密与解密方法,对信号退化具有鲁棒性,且无需预处理或后处理校正。
  • 通过超表面技术控制,将该技术的应用范围扩展至声学、地震波和物质波等其他波系统。

提出的方法

  • 该协议将随机光束的复相干度作为广义模式,替代传统正交模式(如轨道角动量态)。
  • 利用空间光调制器(SLMs)按需调控光束的相干度,实现信息的可定制编码。
  • 应用光学全息原理控制并调节光场的二阶关联函数,构成加密密钥的基础。
  • 信息编码于光场的空间与时间相关函数中,这些函数天然免疫于相位失真和振幅波动。
  • 解密通过从测量的强度图案中数学反演恢复相干度的幅度与相位实现,确保安全性。
  • 该方法可扩展至利用波长或偏振等额外自由度进行复用,进一步提升容量。
Figure 1: Comparison of coherent structured and structured random light beams. A detecting device typically records a time-averaged intensity profile $I({\bf{r}})\propto\int{dt}{{\lvert E({\bf{r}},t)\lvert}^{2}}$ . A coherent light beam is represented by, a stationary deterministic electric field, a
Figure 1: Comparison of coherent structured and structured random light beams. A detecting device typically records a time-averaged intensity profile $I({\bf{r}})\propto\int{dt}{{\lvert E({\bf{r}},t)\lvert}^{2}}$ . A coherent light beam is represented by, a stationary deterministic electric field, a

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1结构化随机光束的相干度能否作为稳定、高容量的光学信息编码自由度,且无需依赖模式正交性?
  • RQ2在强环境噪声和信号退化条件下,非相干模式复用在多大程度上能保持信息保真度?
  • RQ3该加密协议的安全性与传统方法相比如何,特别是在抵抗对密文的直接测量方面?
  • RQ4该方法能否通过超表面技术推广至声学或地震波等其他波系统?
  • RQ5在相干度定义的无限广义模式数量下,此类系统的理论与实际信息容量上限是什么?

主要发现

  • 该协议在信噪比(SNR)为-13.55 dB时仍能实现高保真度图像恢复,此时仅4.2%的总能量为信号,表明其对噪声具有极端鲁棒性。
  • 实验恢复图像的结构相似性指数(SSIM)达到0.9077,表明尽管存在严重噪声,图像仍具有高视觉质量和准确性。
  • 当信号能量占比从100%降至4.2%时,SSIM仅从0.9314略微下降至0.9077,证实其对信号退化的强鲁棒性。
  • 该方法可实现安全信息加密,因为密文编码于二阶关联函数(即相干度)中,无法直接测量,解密需完整恢复相位与振幅。
  • 实验结果与模拟结果高度吻合,模拟SSIM为0.92,实验SSIM为0.90,验证了该协议的可靠性。
  • 由于相干度定义的广义模式数量无限,该方法在本质上具有可扩展性,容量无理论上限。
Figure 2: Hologram design for incoherent mode encoding and multiplexing. a. and b. Schematics of a protocol for encoding multiple optical images into a structured random light beam based on Eq. ( 2 ). The independent target optical images “A” and “B” are multiplied by complex random functions $\Im_{
Figure 2: Hologram design for incoherent mode encoding and multiplexing. a. and b. Schematics of a protocol for encoding multiple optical images into a structured random light beam based on Eq. ( 2 ). The independent target optical images “A” and “B” are multiplied by complex random functions $\Im_{

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