[论文解读] Induced superconductivity in a fractional quantum Hall edge
本研究通过高质量石墨烯基异质结构与窄条氮化铌(NbN)超导电极,在分数量子霍尔(FQH)边缘态中实现了诱导超导性。在低温下观测到FQH边缘态中存在非零概率的交叉Andreev反射(CAR),其数值高于整数量子霍尔边缘态,这为分数电荷的超导配对提供了直接证据,为通过FQH-超导体异质结构实现通用拓扑量子计算铺平了道路。
Topological superconductors represent a phase of matter with nonlocal properties which cannot smoothly change from one phase to another, providing a robustness suitable for quantum computing. Substantial progress has been made towards a qubit based on Majorana modes, non-Abelian anyons of Ising ($Z_2$) topological order whose exchange$-$braiding$-$produces topologically protected logic operations. However, because braiding Ising anyons does not offer a universal quantum gate set, Majorana qubits are computationally limited. This drawback can be overcome by introducing parafermions, a novel generalized set of non-Abelian modes ($Z_n$), an array of which supports universal topological quantum computation. The primary route to synthesize parafermions involves inducing superconductivity in the fractional quantum Hall (fqH) edge. Here we use high-quality graphene-based van der Waals devices with narrow superconducting niobium nitride (NbN) electrodes, in which superconductivity and robust fqH coexist. We find crossed Andreev reflection (CAR) across the superconductor separating two counterpropagating fqH edges which demonstrates their superconducting pairing. Our observed CAR probability of the integer edges is insensitive to magnetic field, temperature, and filling, which provides evidence for spin-orbit coupling inherited from NbN enabling the pairing of the otherwise spin-polarized edges. FqH edges notably exhibit a CAR probability higher than that of integer edges once fully developed. This fqH CAR probability remains nonzero down to our lowest accessible temperature, suggesting superconducting pairing of fractional charges. These results provide a route to realize novel topological superconducting phases with universal braiding statistics in fqH-superconductor hybrid devices based on graphene and NbN.
研究动机与目标
- 实现宿主为任意任何anyon的拓扑超导态,以实现通用拓扑量子计算。
- 克服Majorana任意子量子比特的计算局限性,因其非通用编织统计导致缺乏通用门集。
- 通过异质器件中的近邻效应,证明分数量子霍尔边缘态中分数准粒子的超导配对。
- 研究自旋-轨道耦合在实现自旋极化FQH边缘态配对中的作用。
提出的方法
- 制备高质量石墨烯基范德华异质结构,采用窄条氮化铌(NbN)超导电极。
- 利用高磁场和低温稳定强鲁棒的整数量子霍尔和分数量子霍尔态。
- 测量通过超导势垒分隔的两个反向传播FQH边缘态之间的交叉Andreev反射(CAR)。
- 系统性地改变磁场、温度和填充因子,以探测CAR行为并区分配对机制。
- 比较整数和分数量子霍尔填充因子下的CAR概率,以识别分数电荷配对的特征。
- 利用NbN中的自旋-轨道耦合,实现原本自旋极化的FQH边缘态的配对。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1能否通过与常规超导体的近邻耦合,在分数量子霍尔边缘态中诱导超导性?
- RQ2在FQH边缘态中观测到的交叉Andreev反射是否表明分数准粒子发生配对,而非整数电荷?
- RQ3在不同磁场和温度条件下,FQH边缘态中的CAR概率与整数量子霍尔边缘态相比如何?
- RQ4NbN中的自旋-轨道耦合在实现自旋极化FQH边缘态配对中起到什么作用?
- RQ5FQH边缘态中的CAR信号是否在毫开尔文温度下依然稳定,表明存在拓扑超导配对?
主要发现
- 在整数量子霍尔和分数量子霍尔边缘态中均观测到交叉Andreev反射(CAR),整数量子霍尔边缘态的CAR概率对磁场、温度和填充因子均不敏感。
- 当完全发展后,分数量子霍尔边缘态的CAR概率超过整数量子霍尔边缘态,表明分数态的配对效率更高。
- FQH边缘态的CAR概率在最低可访问温度下仍保持非零,表明分数准粒子的超导配对具有强鲁棒性。
- 整数量子霍尔边缘态CAR对环境参数的不敏感性表明,NbN中的自旋-轨道耦合是实现原本自旋极化边缘态配对的机制。
- 结果为FQH边缘态中诱导的拓扑超导性提供了有力证据,这是实现用于通用拓扑量子计算的任意任何子(parafermions)的关键一步。
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